PMID- 23711857
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130724
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1423-0097 (Electronic)
IS  - 1018-2438 (Print)
IS  - 1018-2438 (Linking)
VI  - 161 Suppl 2
IP  - 0 2
DP  - 2013
TI  - Alternaria inhibits double-stranded RNA-induced cytokine production through 
      Toll-like receptor 3.
PG  - 75-83
LID - 10.1159/000350365 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Fungi may be involved in asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). 
      Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CRS patients produce interleukin (IL)-5, 
      IL-13 and interferon (IFN)-gamma in the presence of Alternaria. In addition, 
      Alternaria produces potent Th2-like adjuvant effects in the airway. Therefore, we 
      hypothesized that Alternaria may inhibit Th1-type defense mechanisms against 
      virus infection. METHODS: Dendritic cells (DCs) were generated from mouse bone 
      marrow. The functional responses were assessed by expression of cell surface 
      molecules by FACS (MHC class II, CD40, CD80, CD86 and OX40L). Production of IL-6, 
      chemokine CXCL10 (IP-10), chemokine CXCL11 (I-TAC) and IFN-beta was measured by 
      ELISA. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) mRNA and protein expression was detected by 
      quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: Alternaria and 
      polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) enhanced cell surface expression of 
      MHC class II, CD40, CD80, CD86 and OX40L, and IL-6 production in a 
      concentration-dependent manner. However, Alternaria significantly inhibited 
      production of IP-10, I-TAC and IFN-beta, induced by viral double-stranded RNA 
      (dsRNA) mimic poly I:C. TLR3 mRNA expression and protein production by poly I:C 
      were significantly inhibited by Alternaria. These reactions are likely caused by 
      heat-stable factor(s) in Alternaria extract with >100 kDa molecular mass. 
      CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the fungus Alternaria may inhibit 
      production of IFN-beta and other cytokines by DCs by suppressing TLR3 expression. 
      These results indicate that Alternaria may inhibit host innate immunity against 
      virus infection.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.
FAU - Wada, Kota
AU  - Wada K
AD  - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan. 
      wadakota@med.toho-u.ac.jp
FAU - Kobayashi, Takao
AU  - Kobayashi T
FAU - Matsuwaki, Yoshinori
AU  - Matsuwaki Y
FAU - Moriyama, Hiroshi
AU  - Moriyama H
FAU - Kita, Hirohito
AU  - Kita H
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AI071106/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R37 AI071106/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AI049235/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - AI49235/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - AI71106/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R56 AI049235/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 HL110539/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130529
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int Arch Allergy Immunol
JT  - International archives of allergy and immunology
JID - 9211652
RN  - 0 (Chemokine CXCL10)
RN  - 0 (Chemokine CXCL11)
RN  - 0 (Cxcl10 protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (Cxcl11 protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Histocompatibility Antigens Class II)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-6)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Double-Stranded)
RN  - 0 (Toll-Like Receptor 3)
RN  - O84C90HH2L (Poly I-C)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alternaria/chemistry/*immunology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chemokine CXCL10/biosynthesis
MH  - Chemokine CXCL11/biosynthesis
MH  - Cytokines/*biosynthesis
MH  - Dendritic Cells/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
MH  - Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
MH  - Interleukin-6/biosynthesis
MH  - Mice
MH  - Poly I-C/immunology/pharmacology
MH  - RNA, Double-Stranded/*immunology
MH  - Toll-Like Receptor 3/genetics/*metabolism
PMC - PMC3904297
MID - NIHMS546684
COIS- Disclosures The authors have no financial conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2013/06/05 06:00
MHDA- 2013/07/25 06:00
PMCR- 2014/05/29
CRDT- 2013/05/29 06:00
PHST- 2013/05/29 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/06/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/07/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/05/29 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 000350365 [pii]
AID - 10.1159/000350365 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2013;161 Suppl 2(0 2):75-83. doi: 10.1159/000350365. 
      Epub 2013 May 29.