PMID- 23713695
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140331
LR  - 20191112
IS  - 2212-3873 (Electronic)
IS  - 1871-5303 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 2
DP  - 2013 Jun
TI  - The need for physiologically relevant peroxisome proliferator-activated 
      receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligands.
PG  - 175-83
AB  - Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) is a nuclear transcription 
      factor which is involved in the differentiation of fibroblasts to adipocytes in 
      vitro. PPAR-gamma also plays a pivotal role in inflammation and macrophage 
      activation. Furthermore, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a condition in which an 
      individual's ability to respond to insulin is lowered, is treated by drugs called 
      thiazolidinediones (TZDs) that are known to activated PPAR-gamma, thus augmenting 
      insulin signaling and glucose uptake by adipose tissue. Unfortunately, these 
      otherwise effective drugs are responsible for side effects such as obesity and 
      cardiovascular diseases. The ligand-binding ability of PPAR-gamma is different from 
      other nuclear receptors since it can bind to a wide variety of ligands. Although 
      a number of compounds have been shown to activate PPAR-gamma, knowledge of its 
      endogenous ligands and their physiological functions is lacking. The known 
      ligands were either ambiguous or found to produce ill effects in vivo. In this 
      review we discuss the structure and functions of PPAR-gamma, ligands discovered so 
      far, and focus on the importance of identification of physiologically relevant 
      endogenous ligands.
FAU - Subramani, Parasuraman Aiya
AU  - Subramani PA
AD  - Department of Zoology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa - 516003, AP. India.
FAU - Reddy, Madhava C
AU  - Reddy MC
FAU - Narala, Venkata R
AU  - Narala VR
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - United Arab Emirates
TA  - Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets
JT  - Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets
JID - 101269157
RN  - 0 (Ligands)
RN  - 0 (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adipocytes/physiology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Disease/genetics
MH  - Drug Discovery
MH  - Health Services Needs and Demand
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immune System/physiology
MH  - Ligands
MH  - Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors/*agonists/chemistry/physiology
MH  - Protein Conformation
EDAT- 2013/05/30 06:00
MHDA- 2014/04/01 06:00
CRDT- 2013/05/30 06:00
PHST- 2013/02/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/04/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/04/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/05/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/05/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/04/01 06:00 [medline]
AID - CDTIEMD-EPUB-20130524-1 [pii]
AID - 10.2174/18715303113139990003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2013 Jun;13(2):175-83. doi: 
      10.2174/18715303113139990003.