PMID- 23728979
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20131104
LR  - 20130603
IS  - 2040-4603 (Electronic)
IS  - 2040-4603 (Linking)
VI  - 2
IP  - 1
DP  - 2012 Jan
TI  - Bioenergetics of exercising humans.
PG  - 537-62
LID - 10.1002/cphy.c110007 [doi]
AB  - Human muscles, limbs and supporting ventilatory, cardiovascular, and metabolic 
      systems are well adapted for walking, and there is reasonable transfer of 
      efficiency of movement to bicycling. Our efficiency and economy of movement of 
      bipedal walking ( approximately 30%) are far superior to those of apes. This overall body 
      efficiency during walking and bicycling represents the multiplicative interaction 
      of a phosphorylative coupling efficiency of  approximately 60%, and a mechanical coupling 
      efficiency of  approximately 50%. These coupling efficiencies compare well with those of other 
      species adapted for locomotion. We are capable runners, but our speed and power 
      are inferior to carnivorous and omnivorous terrestrial mammalian quadrupeds 
      because of biomechanical and physiological constraints. But, because of our 
      metabolic plasticity (i.e., the ability to switch among carbohydrate (CHO)- and 
      lipid-derived energy sources) our endurance capacity is very good by comparison 
      to most mammals, but inferior to highly adapted species such as wolves and 
      migratory birds. Our ancestral ability for hunting and gathering depends on 
      strategy and capabilities in the areas of thermoregulation, and metabolic 
      plasticity. Clearly, our competitive advantage of survival in the biosphere 
      depends in intelligence and behavior. Today, those abilities that served early 
      hunter-gatherers make for interesting athletic competitions due to wide 
      variations in human phenotypes. In contemporary society, the stresses of regular 
      physical exercise serve to minimize morbidities and mortality associated with 
      physical inactivity, overnutrition, and aging.
CI  - (c) 2012 American Physiological Society
FAU - Brooks, George A
AU  - Brooks GA
AD  - Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 
      California, USA. gbrooks@berkeley.edu
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Compr Physiol
JT  - Comprehensive Physiology
JID - 101574442
SB  - IM
MH  - Energy Metabolism/*physiology
MH  - Ergometry
MH  - Exercise/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Locomotion/physiology
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism/physiology
MH  - Oxidation-Reduction
MH  - Oxygen Consumption/physiology
MH  - Physical Endurance/physiology
EDAT- 2012/01/01 00:00
MHDA- 2013/11/05 06:00
CRDT- 2013/06/04 06:00
PHST- 2013/06/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/01/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/11/05 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1002/cphy.c110007 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Compr Physiol. 2012 Jan;2(1):537-62. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c110007.