PMID- 23730292
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130605
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1664-0640 (Print)
IS  - 1664-0640 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-0640 (Linking)
VI  - 4
DP  - 2013
TI  - Behavioral, Biochemical, and Molecular Indices of Stress are Enhanced in Female 
      Versus Male Rats Experiencing Nicotine Withdrawal.
PG  - 38
LID - 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00038 [doi]
LID - 38
AB  - Stress is a major factor that promotes tobacco use and relapse during withdrawal. 
      Although women are more vulnerable to tobacco use than men, the manner in which 
      stress contributes to tobacco use in women versus men is unclear. Thus, the goal 
      of this study was to compare behavioral and biological indices of stress in male 
      and female rats during nicotine withdrawal. Since the effects of nicotine 
      withdrawal are age-dependent, this study also included adolescent rats. An 
      initial study was conducted to provide comparable nicotine doses across age and 
      sex during nicotine exposure and withdrawal. Rats received sham surgery or an 
      osmotic pump that delivered nicotine. After 14 days of nicotine, the pumps were 
      removed and controls received a sham surgery. Twenty-four hours later, 
      anxiety-like behavior and plasma corticosterone were assessed. The nucleus 
      accumbens (NAcc), amygdala, and hypothalamus were examined for changes in 
      corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) gene expression. In order to differentiate 
      the effects of nicotine withdrawal from exposure to nicotine, a cohort of rats 
      did not have their pumps removed. The major finding is that during nicotine 
      withdrawal, adult females display higher levels of anxiety-like behavior, plasma 
      corticosterone, and CRF mRNA expression in the NAcc relative to adult males. 
      However, during nicotine exposure, adult males exhibited higher levels of 
      corticosterone and CRF mRNA in the amygdala relative to females. Adolescents 
      displayed less nicotine withdrawal than adults. Moreover, adolescent males 
      displayed an increase in anxiety-like behavior and an up-regulation of CRF mRNA 
      in the amygdala during nicotine exposure and withdrawal. These findings are 
      likely related to stress produced by the high doses of nicotine that were 
      administered to adolescents to produce equivalent levels of cotinine as adults. 
      In conclusion, these findings suggest that intense stress produced by nicotine 
      withdrawal may contribute to tobacco use in women.
FAU - Torres, Oscar V
AU  - Torres OV
AD  - Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso, TX, USA.
FAU - Gentil, Luciana G
AU  - Gentil LG
FAU - Natividad, Luis A
AU  - Natividad LA
FAU - Carcoba, Luis M
AU  - Carcoba LM
FAU - O'Dell, Laura E
AU  - O'Dell LE
LA  - eng
GR  - G12 MD007592/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DA021274/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R24 DA029989/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R25 DA033613/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20130520
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Psychiatry
JT  - Frontiers in psychiatry
JID - 101545006
PMC - PMC3657710
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CRF
OT  - adolescence
OT  - adolescent
OT  - nucleus accumbens
OT  - sex difference
OT  - tobacco
EDAT- 2013/06/05 06:00
MHDA- 2013/06/05 06:01
PMCR- 2013/05/20
CRDT- 2013/06/05 06:00
PHST- 2013/01/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/05/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/06/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/06/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/06/05 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2013/05/20 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00038 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Psychiatry. 2013 May 20;4:38. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00038. eCollection 
      2013.