PMID- 23731038
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140620
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1469-7610 (Electronic)
IS  - 0021-9630 (Print)
IS  - 0021-9630 (Linking)
VI  - 54
IP  - 11
DP  - 2013 Nov
TI  - Genetic contributions to continuity and change in attachment security: a 
      prospective, longitudinal investigation from infancy to young adulthood.
PG  - 1223-30
LID - 10.1111/jcpp.12093 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Longitudinal research has demonstrated that individual differences in 
      attachment security show only modest continuity from infancy to adulthood. Recent 
      findings based on retrospective reports suggest that individuals' genetic 
      variation may moderate the developmental associations between early 
      attachment-relevant relationship experiences and adult attachment security. The 
      purpose of this study was to use a prospective, longitudinal design to 
      investigate genetic contributions to continuity and changes in attachment 
      security from infancy to young adulthood in a higher risk sample. METHODS: Infant 
      attachment security was assessed using the Strange Situation Procedure at 12 and 
      18 months. Adults' general attachment representations were assessed using the 
      Adult Attachment Interview at ages 19 and 26. Romantic attachment representations 
      were assessed with the Current Relationship Interview (CRI) at ages 20-21 and 
      ages 26-28. Individuals were genotyped for variants within the oxytocin receptor 
      (OXTR), dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4), and serotonin transporter linked polymorphic 
      region (5-HTTLPR). RESULTS: The continuity of attachment security from infancy 
      into young adulthood was consistently moderated by OXTR genetic variation. Infant 
      attachment security predicted the security of adults' general and romantic 
      attachment representations only for individuals with the OXTR G/G genotype. This 
      interaction was significant when predicting adult attachment security as measured 
      by the Adult Attachment Interview at ages 19 and 26 and the CRI at ages 26-28. 
      Dopamine D4 receptor and 5-HTTLPR genetic variation did not consistently moderate 
      the longitudinal associations between attachment security during infancy and 
      adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides initial longitudinal evidence for 
      genetic contributions to continuity and change in attachment security from 
      infancy to young adulthood. Genetic variation related to the oxytocin system may 
      moderate the stability of attachment security across development.
CI  - (c) 2013 The Authors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (c) 2013 Association 
      for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.
FAU - Raby, K Lee
AU  - Raby KL
AD  - University of Minnesota, Institute of Child Development, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
FAU - Cicchetti, Dante
AU  - Cicchetti D
FAU - Carlson, Elizabeth A
AU  - Carlson EA
FAU - Egeland, Byron
AU  - Egeland B
FAU - Collins, W Andrew
AU  - Collins WA
LA  - eng
GR  - R01MH40864-09/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH040864/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - T32MH015755-33/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - T32 MH015755/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01HD054850/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 HD054850/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130603
PL  - England
TA  - J Child Psychol Psychiatry
JT  - Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines
JID - 0375361
RN  - 0 (DRD4 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (OXTR protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Oxytocin)
RN  - 0 (SLC6A4 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins)
RN  - 137750-34-6 (Receptors, Dopamine D4)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Female
MH  - Genetic Variation
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Human Development/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - *Interpersonal Relations
MH  - Male
MH  - Mother-Child Relations/*psychology
MH  - *Object Attachment
MH  - Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Receptors, Dopamine D4/genetics
MH  - Receptors, Oxytocin/*genetics
MH  - Risk
MH  - Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC3775920
MID - NIHMS476141
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Attachment
OT  - continuity
OT  - development
OT  - genetics
COIS- The authors have declared that they have no competing or potential conflicts of 
      interest.
EDAT- 2013/06/05 06:00
MHDA- 2014/06/21 06:00
PMCR- 2014/11/01
CRDT- 2013/06/05 06:00
PHST- 2013/04/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/06/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/06/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/06/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1111/jcpp.12093 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2013 Nov;54(11):1223-30. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12093. 
      Epub 2013 Jun 3.