PMID- 23735288
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140303
LR  - 20230815
IS  - 1742-2094 (Electronic)
IS  - 1742-2094 (Linking)
VI  - 10
DP  - 2013 Jun 5
TI  - Intravenous immunoglobulin and Alzheimer's disease: what now?
PG  - 70
LID - 10.1186/1742-2094-10-70 [doi]
AB  - Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) products are prepared from purified plasma 
      immunoglobulins from large numbers of healthy donors. Pilot studies with the IVIG 
      preparations Octagam and Gammagard in individuals with mild-to-moderate 
      Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggested stabilization of cognitive functioning in 
      these patients, and a phase II trial with Gammagard reported similar findings. 
      However, subsequent reports from Octagam's phase II trial and Gammagard's phase 
      III trial found no evidence for slowing of AD progression. Although these recent 
      disappointing results have reduced enthusiasm for IVIG as a possible treatment 
      for AD, it is premature to draw final conclusions; a phase III AD trial with the 
      IVIG product Flebogamma is still in progress. IVIG was the first attempt to use 
      multiple antibodies to treat AD. This approach should be preferable to 
      administration of single monoclonal antibodies in view of the multiple processes 
      that are thought to contribute to AD neuropathology. Development of "AD-specific" 
      preparations with higher concentrations of selected human antibodies and perhaps 
      modified in other ways (such as increasing their anti-inflammatory effects and/or 
      ability to cross the blood-brain barrier) should be considered. Such 
      preparations, if generated with recombinant technology, could overcome the 
      problems of high cost and limited supplies, which have been major concerns 
      relating to the possible widespread use of IVIG in AD patients. This review 
      summarizes the recent AD IVIG trials and discusses the major issues relating to 
      possible use of IVIG for treating AD, as well as the critical questions which 
      remain.
FAU - Loeffler, David A
AU  - Loeffler DA
AD  - Department of Neurology Research, William Beaumont Hospital Research Institute, 
      Beaumont Health System, 3811 West Thirteen Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA. 
      DLoeffler@beaumont.edu
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20130605
PL  - England
TA  - J Neuroinflammation
JT  - Journal of neuroinflammation
JID - 101222974
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulins, Intravenous)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis/*drug therapy/*epidemiology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Clinical Trials as Topic/methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/*therapeutic use
PMC - PMC3720252
EDAT- 2013/06/06 06:00
MHDA- 2014/03/04 06:00
PMCR- 2013/06/05
CRDT- 2013/06/06 06:00
PHST- 2012/12/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/05/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/06/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/06/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/03/04 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2013/06/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1742-2094-10-70 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/1742-2094-10-70 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Neuroinflammation. 2013 Jun 5;10:70. doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-70.