PMID- 23748522
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130820
LR  - 20210504
IS  - 1941-9260 (Electronic)
IS  - 0032-5481 (Linking)
VI  - 125
IP  - 3
DP  - 2013 May
TI  - Review of insulin-dependent and insulin-independent agents for treating patients 
      with type 2 diabetes mellitus and potential role for sodium-glucose 
      co-transporter 2 inhibitors.
PG  - 214-26
LID - 10.3810/pgm.2013.05.2672 [doi]
AB  - Diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), continues to be a global 
      health care problem. Although the beneficial effects of glycemic control are well 
      established, in the United States, > 40% of adults with diabetes fail to achieve 
      target glycated hemoglobin levels. Antidiabetic drug classes vary with respect to 
      their mechanisms of action, glucose-lowering potential, and safety and 
      tolerability profiles. Antidiabetic drug classes include some agents that depend 
      on the presence or action of insulin for their therapeutic effect. As the disease 
      state of T2DM progresses, patient pancreatic beta-cell function declines, and 
      therapies that stimulate insulin secretion or improve insulin sensitivity become 
      less effective for this population. Therefore, the development of additional 
      antidiabetic agents with novel mechanisms of action that can be used alone or in 
      combination with currently approved medications may help patients achieve 
      glycemic control. Agents that have comparable glucose-lowering capabilities but 
      different mechanisms of action may fill treatment gaps or meet the needs of 
      patient subpopulations. For example, inhibitors of sodium-glucose co-transporter 
      2 (SGLT2) represent an emerging class of glucose-lowering agents. The SGLT2 
      inhibitors reduce glucose reabsorption by the kidney, leading to increased 
      urinary glucose excretion and caloric loss. In clinical trials, these agents have 
      been shown to improve glycemic control and to reduce body weight in patients with 
      T2DM. Additionally, SGLT2 inhibitors pose a low risk for hypoglycemia and are 
      generally well tolerated; however, their use has been associated with an increase 
      in the frequency of genital infections and, in some studies, urinary tract 
      infections. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors may provide an alternative 
      or an addition to existing therapies for the treatment of patients with T2DM.
FAU - Freeman, Jeffrey S
AU  - Freeman JS
AD  - Division of Endocrinology, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 
      Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA. jeffreyfreemando@aol.com
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - England
TA  - Postgrad Med
JT  - Postgraduate medicine
JID - 0401147
RN  - 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Glucosides)
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - 0 (SLC5A2 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2)
RN  - 0 (Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Thiophenes)
RN  - 0SAC974Z85 (Canagliflozin)
RN  - 1ULL0QJ8UC (dapagliflozin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Benzhydryl Compounds
MH  - Canagliflozin
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*drug therapy
MH  - Glucosides/therapeutic use
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypoglycemic Agents/*therapeutic use
MH  - Insulin/therapeutic use
MH  - Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2
MH  - *Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
MH  - Thiophenes/therapeutic use
EDAT- 2013/06/12 06:00
MHDA- 2013/08/21 06:00
CRDT- 2013/06/11 06:00
PHST- 2013/06/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/06/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/08/21 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.3810/pgm.2013.05.2672 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Postgrad Med. 2013 May;125(3):214-26. doi: 10.3810/pgm.2013.05.2672.