PMID- 23761795
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130614
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1664-3224 (Print)
IS  - 1664-3224 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-3224 (Linking)
VI  - 4
DP  - 2013
TI  - Homing of Antigen-Presenting Cells in Head Kidney and Spleen - Salmon Head Kidney 
      Hosts Diverse APC Types.
PG  - 137
LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00137 [doi]
LID - 137
AB  - Lymph nodes and spleen are major organs where mammalian antigen-presenting cells 
      (APCs) initiate and orchestrate Ag-specific immune responses. Unlike mammals, 
      teleosts lack lymph nodes and an interesting question is whether alternative 
      organs may serve as sites for antigen presentation in teleosts. In the current 
      study, fluorescent ovalbumin (Ova) and CpG oligonucleotides (ODNs) injected 
      intra-abdominally were detected in significant numbers of salmon head kidney (HK) 
      MHCII+ cells over a period of 2 weeks while in spleen the percentage of these was 
      transient and declined from day 1 post injection. In vitro studies further shed 
      light on the properties of the diverse MHCII+ cell types found in HK. The 
      ultrastructure of a subpopulation of MHCII+ cells with a high capacity to 
      endocytose and process Ova indicated that these were able to perform constitutive 
      macropinocytosis. Upon stimulation with CpG ODNs these cells upregulated CD86 and 
      gave very high levels of TNF mRNA indicating that these are professional APCs, 
      related to macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). A subpopulation of HK 
      granulocytes expressed high levels of surface MHCII and upon CpG stimulation 
      upregulated most of the tested APC marker genes. Although these granulocytes 
      expressed TNF weakly, they had relatively high basal levels of IL-1beta mRNA and the 
      CpG stimulation upregulated IL-1beta, along with its signaling and decoy receptors, 
      to the highest levels as compared to other HK cell types. Interestingly, the high 
      expression of IL-1beta mRNA in the granulocytes correlated with a high autophagy 
      flux as demonstrated by LC3-II conversion. Autophagy has recently been found to 
      be implicated in IL-1beta processing and secretion and the presented data suggests 
      that granulocytes of salmon, and perhaps other teleost species, may serve as a 
      valuable model to study the involvement of autophagy in regulation of the 
      vertebrate immune response.
FAU - Iliev, Dimitar B
AU  - Iliev DB
AD  - Norwegian College of Fisheries Science, University of Tromso , Tromso , Norway.
FAU - Thim, Hanna
AU  - Thim H
FAU - Lagos, Leidy
AU  - Lagos L
FAU - Olsen, Randi
AU  - Olsen R
FAU - Jorgensen, Jorunn B
AU  - Jorgensen JB
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20130606
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Immunol
JT  - Frontiers in immunology
JID - 101560960
PMC - PMC3674399
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - APC
OT  - Atlantic salmon
OT  - CpG oligonucleotides
OT  - IL-1beta
OT  - MHCII
OT  - TNF
OT  - autophagy
OT  - granulocytes
EDAT- 2013/06/14 06:00
MHDA- 2013/06/14 06:01
PMCR- 2013/01/01
CRDT- 2013/06/14 06:00
PHST- 2013/04/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/05/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/06/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/06/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/06/14 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2013/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00137 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Immunol. 2013 Jun 6;4:137. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00137. eCollection 2013.