PMID- 23762067
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130614
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1687-9260 (Print)
IS  - 1687-9279 (Electronic)
IS  - 1687-9260 (Linking)
VI  - 2013
DP  - 2013
TI  - Adverse event burden, resource use, and costs associated with immunosuppressant 
      medications for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic 
      literature review.
PG  - 347520
LID - 10.1155/2013/347520 [doi]
LID - 347520
AB  - This paper assessed the burden of adverse events (AEs) associated with 
      azathioprine (AZA), cyclophosphamide (CYC), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), 
      methotrexate (MTX), and cyclosporine (CsA) in patients with systemic lupus 
      erythematosus (SLE). Thirty-eight publications were included. Incidence of AEs 
      ranged from 42.8% to 97.3%. Common AEs included infections (2.4-77%), 
      gastrointestinal AEs (3.2-66.7%), and amenorrhea and/or ovarian complications 
      (0-71%). More hematological cytopenias were associated with AZA (14 episodes) 
      than MMF (2 episodes). CYC was associated with more infections than MMF (40-77% 
      versus 12.5-32%, resp.) or AZA (17-77% versus 11-29%, resp.). Rates of 
      hospitalized infections were similar between MMF and AZA patients, but higher for 
      those taking CYC. There were more gynecological toxicities with CYC than MMF 
      (32-36% versus 3.6-6%, resp.) or AZA (32-71% versus 8-18%, resp.). 
      Discontinuation rates due to AEs were 0-44.4% across these medications. In 
      summary, the incidence of AEs associated with SLE immunosuppressants was 
      consistently high as reported in the literature; discontinuations due to these 
      AEs were similar across treatments. Studies on the economic impact of these AEs 
      were sparse and warrant further study. This paper highlights the need for more 
      treatment options with better safety profiles.
FAU - Oglesby, A
AU  - Oglesby A
AD  - GlaxoSmithKline, U.S. Health Outcomes, 5 Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 
      27709, USA.
FAU - Shaul, A J
AU  - Shaul AJ
FAU - Pokora, T
AU  - Pokora T
FAU - Paramore, C
AU  - Paramore C
FAU - Cragin, L
AU  - Cragin L
FAU - Dennis, G
AU  - Dennis G
FAU - Narayanan, S
AU  - Narayanan S
FAU - Weinstein, A
AU  - Weinstein A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20130403
PL  - United States
TA  - Int J Rheumatol
JT  - International journal of rheumatology
JID - 101519204
PMC - PMC3638708
EDAT- 2013/06/14 06:00
MHDA- 2013/06/14 06:01
PMCR- 2013/04/03
CRDT- 2013/06/14 06:00
PHST- 2012/12/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/02/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/02/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/06/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/06/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/06/14 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2013/04/03 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1155/2013/347520 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Rheumatol. 2013;2013:347520. doi: 10.1155/2013/347520. Epub 2013 Apr 3.