PMID- 23771874
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160916
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1477-0393 (Electronic)
IS  - 0748-2337 (Linking)
VI  - 31
IP  - 12
DP  - 2015 Dec
TI  - Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in adolescents from Southeast 
      Bulgarian cities with different levels of air pollution.
PG  - 1210-7
LID - 10.1177/0748233713491812 [doi]
AB  - Epidemiological studies demonstrated that the exposure of different air 
      pollutants including particulate matter (PM) has been related to adverse effect 
      on immune system. Current study was designed to investigate cytokines in blood 
      plasma of adolescent persons continuously exposed to different degrees of ambient 
      air pollutions. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-12p40, 
      and IL-10 were chosen as cytokines of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory 
      immune response. The peripheral venous blood was taken from adolescents living in 
      the cities of Stara Zagora region, Southeast Bulgaria, that is, in Stara Zagora, 
      Kazanlak, and Chirpan. The quantity of cytokines in plasma samples was determined 
      by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results demonstrated that youths living in 
      Stara Zagora showed significantly smaller quantity of TNF-alpha, compared with 
      adolescents from Kazanlak and Chirpan. Moreover, adolescents living in Stara 
      Zagora showed significantly higher quantity of IL-10 than students from Kazanlak 
      and Chirpan. Analysis of the data of air quality gives reason to assert that PM10 
      and PM2.5 have been the main atmospheric pollutants around the monitoring points. 
      The complex air quality assessment based on these criteria determined that the 
      highest air pollution was in the city of Stara Zagora, followed by Chirpan and 
      the relatively unpolluted town was Kazanlak. We concluded that air pollutants, 
      mostly PM2.5, can modulate cytokine production and can change the balance between 
      proinflammatory TNF-alpha and anti-inflammatory IL-10 production. Increased levels of 
      IL-10 combined with decreased level of TNF-alpha in adolescents living in Stara 
      Zagora can serve as a biomarker for suppression of T helper 1 (Th1) cell-mediated 
      immunity and exacerbation of Th2 humoral immune response and could be a 
      prerequisite for the development of allergic and autoimmune diseases.
CI  - (c) The Author(s) 2012.
FAU - Dobreva, Zlatka Georgieva
AU  - Dobreva ZG
AD  - Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, 
      Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria zdobreva@mf.uni-sz.bg.
FAU - Kostadinova, Gergana Stoianova
AU  - Kostadinova GS
AD  - Department of Applied Ecology and Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia 
      University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
FAU - Popov, Borislav Nikolov
AU  - Popov BN
AD  - Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, 
      Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
FAU - Petkov, Georgi Stefanov
AU  - Petkov GS
AD  - Department of Applied Ecology and Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia 
      University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
FAU - Stanilova, Spaska Angelova
AU  - Stanilova SA
AD  - Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, 
      Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130614
PL  - England
TA  - Toxicol Ind Health
JT  - Toxicology and industrial health
JID - 8602702
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (IL10 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (IL12B protein, human)
RN  - 0 (IL6 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Inflammation Mediators)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-12 Subunit p40)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-6)
RN  - 0 (Particulate Matter)
RN  - 0 (TNF protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
RN  - 130068-27-8 (Interleukin-10)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - *Adolescent Health
MH  - Air Pollution/*adverse effects
MH  - Biomarkers/blood
MH  - Bulgaria
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immune System/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Inflammation Mediators/*blood
MH  - Interleukin-10/agonists/blood/metabolism
MH  - Interleukin-12 Subunit p40/blood/metabolism
MH  - Interleukin-6/blood/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - *Models, Immunological
MH  - Particulate Matter/toxicity
MH  - Th1-Th2 Balance/drug effects
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors/blood/metabolism
MH  - *Urban Health
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Air pollution
OT  - IL-10
OT  - PM10
OT  - PM2.5
OT  - TNF-alpha
EDAT- 2013/06/19 06:00
MHDA- 2016/09/17 06:00
CRDT- 2013/06/18 06:00
PHST- 2013/06/18 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/06/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/09/17 06:00 [medline]
AID - 0748233713491812 [pii]
AID - 10.1177/0748233713491812 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Toxicol Ind Health. 2015 Dec;31(12):1210-7. doi: 10.1177/0748233713491812. Epub 
      2013 Jun 14.