PMID- 23792264
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140610
LR  - 20130925
IS  - 1095-6840 (Electronic)
IS  - 0016-6480 (Linking)
VI  - 192
DP  - 2013 Oct 1
TI  - Involvement of pituitary gonadotropins, gonadal steroids and breeding season in 
      sex change of protogynous dusky grouper, Epinephelus marginatus (Teleostei: 
      Serranidae), induced by a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor.
PG  - 170-80
LID - S0016-6480(13)00288-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.06.012 [doi]
AB  - Two experiments were performed using the aromatase inhibitor (AI) letrozole 
      (100mg/kg) to promote sex change, from female-to-male, in protogynous dusky 
      grouper. One experiment was performed during the breeding season (spring) and the 
      other at the end of the breeding season (summer). During the spring, AI promoted 
      sex change after 9 weeks and the sperm produced was able to fertilize grouper 
      oocytes. During the summer, the sex change was incomplete; intersex individuals 
      were present and sperm was not released by any of the animals. Sex changed gonads 
      had a lamellar architecture; cysts of spermatocytes and spermatozoa in the lumen 
      of the germinal compartment. In the spring, after 4 weeks, 11ketotestosterone 
      (11KT) levels were higher in the AI than in control fish, and after 9 weeks, 
      coincident with semen release, testosterone levels increased in the AI group, 
      while 11KT returned to the initial levels. Estradiol (E2) levels remained 
      unchanged during the experimental period. Instead of decreasing throughout the 
      period, as in control group, 17 alpha-OH progesterone levels did not change in the 
      AI-treated fish, resulting in higher values after 9 weeks when compared with 
      control fish. fshbeta and lhbeta gene expression in the AI animals were lower compared 
      with control fish after 9 weeks. The use of AI was effective to obtain functional 
      males during the breeding season. The increase in androgens, modulated by 
      gonadotropins, triggered the sex change, enabling the development of male germ 
      cells, whereas a decrease in E2 levels was not required to change sex in dusky 
      grouper.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Garcia, Carlos Eduardo de O
AU  - Garcia CE
AD  - Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, Trav. 14, 321, 
      Sao Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil; Centro de Biologia Marinha da Universidade de 
      Sao Paulo (CEBIMar/USP), Rodovia Manoel Hypolito do Rego, Km. 131,5, Sao 
      Sebastiao CEP 11600-000, SP, Brazil.
FAU - Araujo, Bruno C
AU  - Araujo BC
FAU - Mello, Paulo H
AU  - Mello PH
FAU - Narcizo, Amanda de M
AU  - Narcizo Ade M
FAU - Rodrigues-Filho, Jandyr A
AU  - Rodrigues-Filho JA
FAU - Medrado, Andreone T
AU  - Medrado AT
FAU - Zampieri, Ricardo A
AU  - Zampieri RA
FAU - Floeter-Winter, Lucile M
AU  - Floeter-Winter LM
FAU - Moreira, Renata Guimaraes
AU  - Moreira RG
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130619
PL  - United States
TA  - Gen Comp Endocrinol
JT  - General and comparative endocrinology
JID - 0370735
RN  - 0 (Aromatase Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Gonadal Steroid Hormones)
RN  - 0 (Gonadotropins, Pituitary)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Aromatase Inhibitors/*pharmacology
MH  - Breeding
MH  - Female
MH  - Gonadal Steroid Hormones/*metabolism
MH  - Gonadotropins, Pituitary/*metabolism
MH  - Gonads/*drug effects/*metabolism
MH  - Male
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Aromatase inhibitor
OT  - Artificial sex change
OT  - Follicle-stimulating hormone
OT  - Gonadal steroids
OT  - Letrozole
OT  - Luteinizing hormone
EDAT- 2013/06/25 06:00
MHDA- 2014/06/11 06:00
CRDT- 2013/06/25 06:00
PHST- 2013/01/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/06/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/06/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/06/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/06/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/06/11 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0016-6480(13)00288-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.06.012 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2013 Oct 1;192:170-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.06.012. 
      Epub 2013 Jun 19.