PMID- 23803717
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140210
LR  - 20240404
IS  - 1420-3049 (Electronic)
IS  - 1420-3049 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 7
DP  - 2013 Jun 26
TI  - Study on the potential toxicity of a thymoquinone-rich fraction nanoemulsion in 
      Sprague Dawley rats.
PG  - 7460-72
LID - 10.3390/molecules18077460 [doi]
AB  - Toxicological studies constitute an essential part of the effort in developing an 
      herbal medicine into a drug product. A newly developed thymoquinone-rich fraction 
      nanoemulsion (TQRFNE) has been prepared using a high pressure homogenizer. The 
      purpose of this study was to investigate the potential acute toxicity of this 
      nanoemulsion in Sprague Dawley rats. The acute toxicity studies were conducted as 
      per the OECD guidelines 425, allowing for the use of test dose limit of 20 mL 
      TQRFNE (containing 44.5 mg TQ)/kg. TQRFNE and distilled water (DW) as a control 
      were administered orally to both sexes of rats on Day 0 and observed for 14 days. 
      All the animals appeared normal, and healthy throughout the study. There was no 
      observed mortality or any signs of toxicity during the experimental period. The 
      effects of the TQRFNE and DW groups on general behavior, body weight, food and 
      water consumption, relative organ weight, hematology, histopathology, and 
      clinical biochemistry were measured. All the parameters measured were unaffected 
      as compared to the control (DW) group. The administration of 20 mL TQRFNE /kg was 
      not toxic after an acute exposure.
FAU - Tubesha, Zaki
AU  - Tubesha Z
AD  - Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra 
      Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
FAU - Imam, Mustapha Umar
AU  - Imam MU
FAU - Mahmud, Rozi
AU  - Mahmud R
FAU - Ismail, Maznah
AU  - Ismail M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130626
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Molecules
JT  - Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 100964009
RN  - 0 (Benzoquinones)
RN  - 0 (Emulsions)
RN  - 0 (Plant Preparations)
RN  - O60IE26NUF (thymoquinone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Oral
MH  - Animals
MH  - Benzoquinones/*adverse effects/chemistry/*pharmacology
MH  - Body Weight/drug effects
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Drug Discovery
MH  - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
MH  - Emulsions/adverse effects/chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - Female
MH  - Male
MH  - Nigella sativa/*metabolism
MH  - Organ Size/drug effects
MH  - Plant Preparations/adverse effects/chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PMC - PMC6270347
EDAT- 2013/06/28 06:00
MHDA- 2014/02/11 06:00
PMCR- 2013/06/26
CRDT- 2013/06/28 06:00
PHST- 2013/05/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/06/18 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/06/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/06/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/06/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/02/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2013/06/26 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - molecules18077460 [pii]
AID - molecules-18-07460 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/molecules18077460 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Molecules. 2013 Jun 26;18(7):7460-72. doi: 10.3390/molecules18077460.