PMID- 23825657
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140207
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 6
DP  - 2013
TI  - Neural activity changes associated with impulsive responding in the sustained 
      attention to response task.
PG  - e67391
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0067391 [doi]
LID - e67391
AB  - Humans can anticipate and prepare for uncertainties to achieve a goal. However, 
      it is difficult to maintain this effort over a prolonged period of time. 
      Inappropriate behavior is impulsively (or mindlessly) activated by an external 
      trigger, which can result in serious consequences such as traffic crashes. Thus, 
      we examined the neural mechanisms underlying such impulsive responding using 
      functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Twenty-two participants performed a 
      block-designed sustained attention to response task (SART), where each task block 
      was composed of consecutive Go trials followed by a NoGo trial at the end. This 
      task configuration enabled us to measure compromised preparation for NoGo trials 
      during Go responses using reduced Go reaction times. Accordingly, parametric 
      modulation analysis was conducted on fMRI data using block-based mean Go reaction 
      times as an online marker of impulsive responding in the SART. We found that 
      activity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the bilateral 
      intraparietal sulcus (IPS) was positively modulated with mean Go reaction times. 
      In addition, activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and the posterior 
      cingulate cortex (PCC) was negatively modulated with mean Go reaction times, 
      albeit statistically weakly. Taken together, spontaneously reduced activity in 
      the right DLPFC and the IPS and spontaneously elevated activity in the MPFC and 
      the PCC were associated with impulsive responding in the SART. These results 
      suggest that such a spontaneous transition of brain activity pattern results in 
      impulsive responding in monotonous situations, which in turn, might cause human 
      errors in actual work environments.
FAU - Sakai, Hiroyuki
AU  - Sakai H
AD  - Frontier Research Center, Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, 
      Inc., Nagakute, Japan. sakai@mosk.tytlabs.co.jp
FAU - Uchiyama, Yuji
AU  - Uchiyama Y
FAU - Shin, Duk
AU  - Shin D
FAU - Hayashi, Masamichi J
AU  - Hayashi MJ
FAU - Sadato, Norihiro
AU  - Sadato N
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130625
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Attention/*physiology
MH  - Brain/*physiopathology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Impulsive Behavior/*physiopathology
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - Male
MH  - Reaction Time
PMC - PMC3692459
COIS- Competing Interests: Two authors (HS and YU) are employees of Toyota Central 
      Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., which is funded by its stockholding 
      companies (http://www.tytlabs.co.jp/english/comp/outline02.html). Another author 
      (DS) worked for the same company until two years ago. This does not alter our 
      adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
EDAT- 2013/07/05 06:00
MHDA- 2014/02/08 06:00
PMCR- 2013/06/25
CRDT- 2013/07/05 06:00
PHST- 2012/09/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/05/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/07/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/07/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/02/08 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2013/06/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-12-27531 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0067391 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2013 Jun 25;8(6):e67391. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067391. Print 2013.