PMID- 23826214
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171010
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 6
DP  - 2013
TI  - Effects of Low Frequency Prefrontal Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation 
      on the N2 Amplitude in a GoNogo Task.
PG  - e67136
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0067136 [doi]
LID - e67136
AB  - During the last decade, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of 
      the prefrontal cortex has become established as a treatment for various mental 
      diseases. The rational of prefrontal stimulation has been adapted from the mode 
      of action known from rTMS using motor-evoked potentials though little is known 
      about the precise effect of rTMS at prefrontal sites. The objective of the 
      current study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of prefrontal 1 Hz rTMS by 
      stimulating the generators of event-related potentials (ERP) which are located in 
      the prefrontal cortex. Thus, 1 Hz rTMS was applied offline over the left 
      dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) in 
      18 healthy subjects who subsequently underwent a GoNogo task. Both active 
      conditions were compared to sham rTMS within a randomized and counterbalanced 
      cross-over design in one day. ERPs were recorded during task performance and the 
      N2 and the P3 were analysed. After 1 Hz rTMS of the left DLPFC (but not of the 
      MPFC), an inhibitory effect on the N2 amplitude was observed, which was related 
      to inhibitory control. In contrast, after 1 Hz rTMS of the MPFC (but not at the 
      left DLPFC) a trend towards an increased P3 amplitude was found. There was no 
      significant modulation of latencies and behavioural data. The results argue in 
      favour of an inhibitory effect of 1 Hz rTMS on N2 amplitudes in a GoNogo task. 
      Our findings suggest that rTMS may mildly modulate prefrontally generated ERP 
      immediately after stimulation, even where behavioural effects are not measurable. 
      Thus, combined rTMS-ERP approaches need to be further established in order to 
      serve as paradigms in experimental neuroscience and clinical research.
FAU - Grossheinrich, Nicola
AU  - Grossheinrich N
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany ; Child 
      Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and 
      Psychotherapy, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
FAU - Reinl, Maren
AU  - Reinl M
FAU - Pogarell, Oliver
AU  - Pogarell O
FAU - Karch, Susanne
AU  - Karch S
FAU - Mulert, Christoph
AU  - Mulert C
FAU - Brueckl, Monika
AU  - Brueckl M
FAU - Hennig-Fast, Kristina
AU  - Hennig-Fast K
FAU - Rau, Anne
AU  - Rau A
FAU - Epple, Maria
AU  - Epple M
FAU - Hornig, Ariane
AU  - Hornig A
FAU - Padberg, Frank
AU  - Padberg F
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
DEP - 20130627
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Cross-Over Studies
MH  - *Electroencephalography
MH  - Evoked Potentials, Motor/*physiology
MH  - Executive Function/physiology
MH  - Exploratory Behavior
MH  - Female
MH  - Functional Laterality
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inhibition, Psychological
MH  - Male
MH  - Motor Activity/*physiology
MH  - Neuropsychological Tests
MH  - Personality
MH  - Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology
MH  - Reaction Time
MH  - *Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC3694966
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2013/07/05 06:00
MHDA- 2013/07/05 06:01
PMCR- 2013/06/27
CRDT- 2013/07/05 06:00
PHST- 2012/10/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/05/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/07/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/07/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/07/05 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2013/06/27 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-12-33099 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0067136 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2013 Jun 27;8(6):e67136. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067136. Print 2013.