PMID- 23831495
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140428
LR  - 20130826
IS  - 1095-9947 (Electronic)
IS  - 1050-4648 (Linking)
VI  - 35
IP  - 3
DP  - 2013 Sep
TI  - Dietary administration of microalgae Navicula sp. affects immune status and gene 
      expression of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata).
PG  - 883-9
LID - S1050-4648(13)00633-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.06.026 [doi]
AB  - Effects of silage microalgae enriched with a probiotic and lyophilized microalgae 
      were evaluated on main immune parameters and different gene expression of 
      gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). A total of 60 seabream were grouped into 3 
      treatment diets which were a control diet (commercial diet) without microalgae 
      (C), commercial diet supplemented with silage microalgae Navicula sp. plus 
      Lactobacillus sakei 5-4 (10(6) CFU g(-1)) (SM), and commercial diet supplemented 
      with lyophilized microalgae (LM) for 4 weeks. Generally, the results showed a 
      significant increase in the immune parameters, principally in leucocyte 
      peroxidase, phagocytosis and complement activities in fish fed with SM diet 
      compared to control group. About the gene expression in head-kidney, transcript 
      levels (Interleukin-8, Interleukin-1beta and beta-defensin) were upregulated in fish 
      fed with SM after 4 weeks of treatments. However, the gene expression was 
      upregulated in intestine from fish fed with LM with significant difference in 
      transferrin and cyclooxygenase 2 gene at 2 weeks, and in occludin, transferrin, 
      interleukin-8 and interleukin-1beta at 4 weeks. Finally, about the digestive 
      enzymes, LM diet caused an upregulated of alpha-amylase and alkaline phosphatase 
      genes at 2 weeks; however SM diet caused an upregulated trypsin gene at 4 weeks. 
      SM diet a higher enhancing effect on gilthead seabream immune parameters than 
      that observed when using LM. Furthermore, dietary administration of microalgae 
      Navicula sp. provokes upregulation of several genes in the gut that correlates 
      with slight inflammation. Further studies are needed to know if this diatom could 
      be useful for administering as diet supplement for farmed fish.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Reyes-Becerril, Martha
AU  - Reyes-Becerril M
AD  - Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Mar Bermejo 195, Col. 
      Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, Baja California Sur 23090, Mexico.
FAU - Guardiola, Francisco
AU  - Guardiola F
FAU - Rojas, Maurilia
AU  - Rojas M
FAU - Ascencio-Valle, Felipe
AU  - Ascencio-Valle F
FAU - Esteban, Maria Angeles
AU  - Esteban MA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130704
PL  - England
TA  - Fish Shellfish Immunol
JT  - Fish & shellfish immunology
JID - 9505220
SB  - IM
MH  - Animal Feed
MH  - Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
MH  - Animals
MH  - Diet/*veterinary
MH  - Dietary Supplements
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation/*immunology
MH  - Microalgae
MH  - Sea Bream/*immunology
MH  - Time Factors
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Dietary silages
OT  - Gilthead seabream
OT  - Immune system
OT  - Microalgae
EDAT- 2013/07/09 06:00
MHDA- 2014/04/29 06:00
CRDT- 2013/07/09 06:00
PHST- 2013/04/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/06/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/06/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/07/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/07/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/04/29 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1050-4648(13)00633-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.06.026 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2013 Sep;35(3):883-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.06.026. 
      Epub 2013 Jul 4.