PMID- 23831946
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140128
LR  - 20130812
IS  - 1879-3169 (Electronic)
IS  - 0378-4274 (Linking)
VI  - 221
IP  - 3
DP  - 2013 Aug 29
TI  - Synergistic effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and lipopolysaccharide on preterm 
      delivery and intrauterine fetal death in mice.
PG  - 212-8
LID - S0378-4274(13)01110-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.06.238 [doi]
AB  - Preterm birth is the leading cause of death for newborn infants, and 
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is commonly used to induce preterm delivery in 
      experimental animals. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are widespread and occur in 
      foods, herbs, and other plants. This study was to investigate the synergistic 
      effects of LPS and two representative PAs, retrorsine (RTS) and monocrotaline 
      (MCT), on preterm delivery and fetal death. Pregnant Kunming mice were divided 
      into seven groups: control, RTS, MCT, LPS, RTS+LPS and two MCT+LPS groups. 
      Animals in PAs and PAs+LPS groups were dosed intragastrically with RTS (10mg/kg) 
      or MCT (20 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg) from gestational day (GD) 9 to GD16; mice given LPS 
      were injected intraperitoneally with 150 mug/kg on GD15.5. Latencies to delivery, 
      numbers of pups live and dead at birth were recorded, and livers of live neonates 
      were collected. The incidence of LPS-induced preterm birth was enhanced in dams 
      pretreated with MCT, and combination of PAs and LPS increased fetal mortality 
      from PAs. The enhancement of LPS-induced preterm delivery and fetal demise in 
      animals exposed chronically to PAs and other substances found in foods and 
      beverages consumed widely by humans merits further focused investigation.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Guo, Yu
AU  - Guo Y
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, 
      Wuhan 430071, China.
FAU - Ma, Zhenguo
AU  - Ma Z
FAU - Kou, Hao
AU  - Kou H
FAU - Sun, Rongze
AU  - Sun R
FAU - Yang, Hanxiao
AU  - Yang H
FAU - Smith, Charles Vincent
AU  - Smith CV
FAU - Zheng, Jiang
AU  - Zheng J
FAU - Wang, Hui
AU  - Wang H
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130704
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Toxicol Lett
JT  - Toxicology letters
JID - 7709027
RN  - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides)
RN  - 0 (Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids)
RN  - 0 (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Animals, Newborn
MH  - Female
MH  - Fetal Death/*chemically induced
MH  - Lipopolysaccharides/*toxicity
MH  - Liver/drug effects/enzymology/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Premature Birth/*chemically induced
MH  - Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids/*toxicity
MH  - Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
MH  - Statistics, Nonparametric
MH  - Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Fetal death
OT  - GD
OT  - IUGR
OT  - LPS
OT  - Lipopolysaccharide
OT  - MCT
OT  - Oxidative injury
OT  - PAs
OT  - Preterm delivery
OT  - Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
OT  - ROS
OT  - RTS
OT  - TBARS
OT  - gestational day
OT  - intrauterine growth retardation
OT  - lipopolysaccharide
OT  - monocrotaline
OT  - pyrrolizidine alkaloids
OT  - reactive oxygen species
OT  - retrorsine
OT  - thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
EDAT- 2013/07/09 06:00
MHDA- 2014/01/29 06:00
CRDT- 2013/07/09 06:00
PHST- 2012/05/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/06/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/06/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/07/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/07/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/01/29 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0378-4274(13)01110-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.06.238 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Toxicol Lett. 2013 Aug 29;221(3):212-8. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.06.238. Epub 
      2013 Jul 4.