PMID- 23835068
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140414
LR  - 20130909
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 463-464
DP  - 2013 Oct 1
TI  - The distribution and stratification of persistent organic pollutants and fatty 
      acids in bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) blubber.
PG  - 581-8
LID - S0048-9697(13)00669-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.017 [doi]
AB  - Blubber has been used for decades to monitor exposure of marine mammals to 
      persistent organic pollutants (POPs). However, little is known about POP 
      variability as a function of blubber depth and across the body of the animal. 
      Remote blubber biopsy sampling (e.g, projectile biopsy) is the most common 
      technique used to acquire samples from free-swimming animals, yet such techniques 
      may result in variable sampling. It is important to understand whether blubber 
      stratification or body location affects POP concentration or the concentration of 
      other important blubber constituents such as fatty acids (FA). To investigate the 
      influence of sampling depth and location on POP concentration, full depth blubber 
      samples were taken from one stranded bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) at 
      six different body sites to assess variation in FA distribution and contaminant 
      storage with body location. Three of the samples from different body locations 
      were separated into histologically distinct layers to examine the effect of 
      blubber depth and body location on POPs and FAs. In this individual, both POPs 
      and FAs were heterogeneous with blubber depth and body location. POP 
      concentrations were significantly greater in ventral (average SigmaPBDEs 1350 ng/g 
      lipid) and anterior (average SigmaPCBs 28,700 ng/g lipid) body locations and greater 
      in the superficial blubber layer (average SigmaPCBs 35,500 ng/g lipid) when compared 
      to the deep (8390 ng/g lipid) and middle (23,700 ng/g lipid) layers. 
      Proportionally more dietary FAs were found in dorsal blubber and in middle and 
      deep layers relative to other locations while the reverse was true for 
      biosynthesized FAs. Stratification was further examined in blubber from the same 
      body location in five additional stranded bottlenose dolphins. Although FAs were 
      stratified with blubber depth, lipid-normalized POPs were not significantly 
      different with depth, indicating that POP concentrations can vary in an 
      individual with blubber depth though the direction of POP stratification is not 
      consistent among individuals.
CI  - Published by Elsevier B.V.
FAU - Ellisor, Debra
AU  - Ellisor D
AD  - National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 
      Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, United States; The College of 
      Charleston, Graduate Program in Marine Biology, 205 Fort Johnson Road, 
      Charleston, SC 29412, United States.
FAU - McLellan, William
AU  - McLellan W
FAU - Koopman, Heather
AU  - Koopman H
FAU - Schwacke, Lori
AU  - Schwacke L
FAU - McFee, Wayne
AU  - McFee W
FAU - Kucklick, John
AU  - Kucklick J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20130705
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Fatty Acids)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adipose Tissue/*chemistry
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bottle-Nosed Dolphin/*metabolism
MH  - Fatty Acids/*analysis
MH  - Male
MH  - Tissue Distribution
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Biopsy sampling
OT  - Blubber
OT  - Bottlenose dolphin
OT  - Fatty acids
OT  - Persistent organic pollutants
OT  - Strandings
EDAT- 2013/07/10 06:00
MHDA- 2014/04/15 06:00
CRDT- 2013/07/10 06:00
PHST- 2013/04/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/06/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/06/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/07/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/07/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/04/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0048-9697(13)00669-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.017 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2013 Oct 1;463-464:581-8. doi: 
      10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.017. Epub 2013 Jul 5.