PMID- 23836043
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140305
LR  - 20220310
IS  - 1432-0878 (Electronic)
IS  - 0302-766X (Linking)
VI  - 353
IP  - 2
DP  - 2013 Aug
TI  - Neuroprotection of medical IOP-lowering therapy.
PG  - 245-51
LID - 10.1007/s00441-013-1671-1 [doi]
AB  - Intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering therapy has been shown to arrest or retard 
      the progression of optic neuropathy typical for glaucoma and can, thus, be 
      described as neuroprotective. At present, six classes of medical therapy are 
      employed, namely parasympathomimetics, alpha/beta-sympathomimetics, beta-blockers, 
      carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonists and prostaglandin 
      analogues. For several of these substances, some experimental evidence exists of 
      a possible neuroprotective mechanism, beyond their IOP-lowering activity. 
      beta-Blockers are involved in the up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor 
      (BDNF) and can decrease glutamate-mediated NMDA receptor activation. Not only 
      systemic but also topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are able to increase 
      retinal blood flow. alpha2-Adrenergic receptor agonists can up-regulate the formation 
      of BDNF and anti-apoptotic factors. Prostaglandin analogues increase blood flow 
      to the eye, possibly including the retina. To date, evidence for a 
      neuroprotective effect independent of IOP regulation in human glaucoma is scarce 
      and has only been shown to be likely for the alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist, 
      brimonidine.
FAU - Pfeiffer, Norbert
AU  - Pfeiffer N
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 
      55131, Mainz, Germany. Norbert.Pfeiffer@unimedizin-mainz.de
FAU - Lamparter, Julia
AU  - Lamparter J
FAU - Gericke, Adrian
AU  - Gericke A
FAU - Grus, Franz H
AU  - Grus FH
FAU - Hoffmann, Esther M
AU  - Hoffmann EM
FAU - Wahl, Jochen
AU  - Wahl J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20130709
PL  - Germany
TA  - Cell Tissue Res
JT  - Cell and tissue research
JID - 0417625
RN  - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents)
RN  - 0 (Neuroprotective Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antihypertensive Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Cytoprotection/*drug effects
MH  - Glaucoma/drug therapy/physiopathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intraocular Pressure/*drug effects
MH  - Neurons/drug effects/*pathology
MH  - Neuroprotective Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
EDAT- 2013/07/10 06:00
MHDA- 2014/03/07 06:00
CRDT- 2013/07/10 06:00
PHST- 2013/05/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/05/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/07/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/07/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/03/07 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s00441-013-1671-1 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cell Tissue Res. 2013 Aug;353(2):245-51. doi: 10.1007/s00441-013-1671-1. Epub 
      2013 Jul 9.