PMID- 23844795
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140527
LR  - 20220318
IS  - 1755-148X (Electronic)
IS  - 1755-1471 (Linking)
VI  - 26
IP  - 6
DP  - 2013 Nov
TI  - Neutral pH and copper ions promote eumelanogenesis after the dopachrome stage.
PG  - 817-25
LID - 10.1111/pcmr.12137 [doi]
AB  - The diversity of pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes of humans has been 
      largely attributed to the diversity of pH in melanosomes with acidic pH being 
      proposed to suppress melanin production. Tyrosinase has an optimum pH of 7.4 and 
      its activity is suppressed greatly at lower pH values. The first step of 
      eumelanogenesis is the oxidation of tyrosine to dopachrome (DC) via dopaquinone. 
      However, how eumelanogenesis is controlled by pH beyond this stage is not known. 
      In this study, we examined the effects of pH (5.3-7.3) on the conversion of DC to 
      5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) and 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) and 
      the subsequent oxidation of DHI and DHICA to form eumelanin. The effects of 
      Cu(2+) ions on those reactions were also compared. The results indicate that an 
      acidic pH greatly suppresses the late stages of eumelanogenesis and that Cu(2+) 
      ions accelerate the conversion of DC to DHICA and its subsequent oxidation.
CI  - (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
FAU - Ito, Shosuke
AU  - Ito S
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, 
      Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
FAU - Suzuki, Natsumi
AU  - Suzuki N
FAU - Takebayashi, Shiori
AU  - Takebayashi S
FAU - Commo, Stephane
AU  - Commo S
FAU - Wakamatsu, Kazumasa
AU  - Wakamatsu K
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130805
PL  - England
TA  - Pigment Cell Melanoma Res
JT  - Pigment cell & melanoma research
JID - 101318927
RN  - 0 (Indolequinones)
RN  - 0 (Indoles)
RN  - 0 (Ions)
RN  - 0 (Melanins)
RN  - 12627-86-0 (eumelanin)
RN  - 3571-34-4 (dopachrome)
RN  - 4790-08-3 (5,6-dihydroxy-2-indolylcarboxylic acid)
RN  - 789U1901C5 (Copper)
RN  - Z3OC8499KG (5,6-dihydroxyindole)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biosynthetic Pathways/drug effects
MH  - Copper/*pharmacology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration/drug effects
MH  - Indolequinones/*metabolism
MH  - Indoles/chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Ions
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Melanins/*biosynthesis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - copper
OT  - dopachrome
OT  - dopachrome tautomerase
OT  - eumelanin
OT  - melanin
OT  - pH
EDAT- 2013/07/13 06:00
MHDA- 2014/05/28 06:00
CRDT- 2013/07/13 06:00
PHST- 2013/04/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/07/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/07/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/07/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/05/28 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1111/pcmr.12137 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2013 Nov;26(6):817-25. doi: 10.1111/pcmr.12137. Epub 
      2013 Aug 5.