PMID- 23847444
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140122
LR  - 20220316
IS  - 1449-2288 (Electronic)
IS  - 1449-2288 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 6
DP  - 2013
TI  - The beneficial effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on Schwann cells subjected to hydrogen 
      peroxide induced oxidative injury.
PG  - 624-36
LID - 10.7150/ijbs.5885 [doi]
AB  - Ginsenoside Rg1 (GRg1) has been considered to have therapeutic potential in 
      promoting peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery after sciatic 
      nerve injuries. However, the mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of GRg1 
      on peripheral nerve regeneration is currently unclear. The possible effect of 
      GRg1 on Schwann cells (SCs), which were subjected to oxidative injury after nerve 
      injury, might contribute to the beneficial effect of GRg1 on nerve regeneration. 
      The present study was designed to investigate the potential beneficial effect of 
      GRg1 on SCs exposed to oxidative injury. The oxidative injury to SCs was induced 
      by hydrogen peroxide. The effect of GRg1 (50 muM) on SCs exposed to oxidative 
      injury was measured by the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase 
      (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) in SCs. The cell number and cell 
      viability of SCs were evaluated through fluorescence observation and MTT assay. 
      The apoptosis of SCs induced by oxidative injury was evaluated by an apoptosis 
      assay. The expression and secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF) and 
      brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were evaluated using RT-PCR, Western 
      blotting, and an ELISA method. We found that GRg1 significantly up-regulated the 
      level of SOD, GSH and CAT, and decreased the level of MDA in SCs treated with 
      hydrogen peroxide. In addition, GRg1 has been shown to be able to inhibit the 
      proapoptotic effect of hydrogen peroxide, as well as inhibit the detrimental 
      effect of hydrogen peroxide on cell number and cell viability. Furthermore, GRg1 
      also increased the mRNA levels, protein levels and secretion of NGF and BDNF in 
      SCs after incubation of hydrogen peroxide. Further study showed that 
      preincubation with H89 (a PKA inhibitor) significantly inhibited the effects 
      induced by hydrogen peroxide, indicating that the PKA pathway might be involved 
      in the antioxidant effect and neurotrophic factors (NTFs) promoting effect of 
      GRg1. In addition, a short-term in vivo study was performed to confirm and 
      validate the antioxidant effect and nerve regeneration-promoting effect of GRg1 
      in a sciatic crush injury model in rats. We found that GRg1 significantly 
      increased SOD, CAT and GSH, decreased MDA, as well as promoted nerve regeneration 
      after crush injury. In conclusion, the present study showed that GRg1 is capable 
      of helping SCs recover from the oxidative insult induced by hydrogen peroxide, 
      which might account, at least in part, for the beneficial effect of GRg1 on nerve 
      regeneration.
FAU - Ma, Junxiong
AU  - Ma J
AD  - Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of 
      Chinese PLA, Shenyang, 110016 Liaoning, China.
FAU - Liu, Jun
AU  - Liu J
FAU - Wang, Qi
AU  - Wang Q
FAU - Yu, Hailong
AU  - Yu H
FAU - Chen, Yu
AU  - Chen Y
FAU - Xiang, Liangbi
AU  - Xiang L
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130629
PL  - Australia
TA  - Int J Biol Sci
JT  - International journal of biological sciences
JID - 101235568
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 0 (DNA Primers)
RN  - 0 (Ginsenosides)
RN  - 9061-61-4 (Nerve Growth Factor)
RN  - BBX060AN9V (Hydrogen Peroxide)
RN  - PJ788634QY (ginsenoside Rg1)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Apoptosis/drug effects
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - DNA Primers
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Ginsenosides/*pharmacology
MH  - Hydrogen Peroxide/*pharmacology
MH  - Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
MH  - Oxidative Stress/*drug effects
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Schwann Cells/cytology/*drug effects/metabolism
PMC - PMC3708042
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Ginsenoside Rg1 (GRg1)
OT  - Schwann cell
OT  - hydrogen peroxide
OT  - oxidative injury.
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.
EDAT- 2013/07/13 06:00
MHDA- 2014/01/23 06:00
PMCR- 2013/01/01
CRDT- 2013/07/13 06:00
PHST- 2013/01/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/06/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/07/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/07/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/01/23 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2013/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijbsv09p0624 [pii]
AID - 10.7150/ijbs.5885 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Biol Sci. 2013 Jun 29;9(6):624-36. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.5885. Print 2013.