PMID- 23849068
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140127
LR  - 20231106
IS  - 1399-0039 (Electronic)
IS  - 0001-2815 (Print)
IS  - 0001-2815 (Linking)
VI  - 82
IP  - 2
DP  - 2013 Aug
TI  - Genotype List String: a grammar for describing HLA and KIR genotyping results in 
      a text string.
PG  - 106-12
LID - 10.1111/tan.12150 [doi]
AB  - Knowledge of an individual's human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype is essential 
      for modern medical genetics, and is crucial for hematopoietic stem cell and 
      solid-organ transplantation. However, the high levels of polymorphism known for 
      the HLA genes make it difficult to generate an HLA genotype that unambiguously 
      identifies the alleles that are present at a given HLA locus in an individual. 
      For the last 20 years, the histocompatibility and immunogenetics community has 
      recorded this HLA genotyping ambiguity using allele codes developed by the 
      National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP). While these allele codes may have been 
      effective for recording an HLA genotyping result when initially developed, their 
      use today results in increased ambiguity in an HLA genotype, and they are no 
      longer suitable in the era of rapid allele discovery and ultra-high allele 
      polymorphism. Here, we present a text string format capable of fully representing 
      HLA genotyping results. This Genotype List (GL) String format is an extension of 
      a proposed standard for reporting killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) 
      genotype data that can be applied to any genetic data that use a standard 
      nomenclature for identifying variants. The GL String format uses a hierarchical 
      set of operators to describe the relationships between alleles, lists of possible 
      alleles, phased alleles, genotypes, lists of possible genotypes, and multilocus 
      unphased genotypes, without losing typing information or increasing typing 
      ambiguity. When used in concert with appropriate tools to create, exchange, and 
      parse these strings, we anticipate that GL Strings will replace NMDP allele codes 
      for reporting HLA genotypes.
CI  - (c) 2013 The Authors. Tissue Antigens published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
FAU - Milius, R P
AU  - Milius RP
AD  - Department of Bioinformatics, National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN 
      55413-1753, USA. bmilius@NMDP.ORG
FAU - Mack, S J
AU  - Mack SJ
FAU - Hollenbach, J A
AU  - Hollenbach JA
FAU - Pollack, J
AU  - Pollack J
FAU - Heuer, M L
AU  - Heuer ML
FAU - Gragert, L
AU  - Gragert L
FAU - Spellman, S
AU  - Spellman S
FAU - Guethlein, L A
AU  - Guethlein LA
FAU - Trachtenberg, E A
AU  - Trachtenberg EA
FAU - Cooley, S
AU  - Cooley S
FAU - Bochtler, W
AU  - Bochtler W
FAU - Mueller, C R
AU  - Mueller CR
FAU - Robinson, J
AU  - Robinson J
FAU - Marsh, S G E
AU  - Marsh SG
FAU - Maiers, M
AU  - Maiers M
LA  - eng
GR  - P01 CA111412/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P01 111412/PHS HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PL  - England
TA  - Tissue Antigens
JT  - Tissue antigens
JID - 0331072
RN  - 0 (HLA Antigens)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, KIR)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Algorithms
MH  - Alleles
MH  - Gene Frequency
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Genotyping Techniques/*standards/statistics & numerical data
MH  - HLA Antigens/genetics/*immunology
MH  - *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
MH  - Histocompatibility Testing/*standards/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Organ Transplantation
MH  - Polymorphism, Genetic
MH  - Receptors, KIR/genetics/*immunology
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Terminology as Topic
MH  - Unrelated Donors
PMC - PMC3715123
MID - NIHMS484717
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Genotype List String
OT  - genotype
OT  - human leukocyte antigen
OT  - killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor
EDAT- 2013/07/16 06:00
MHDA- 2014/01/28 06:00
CRDT- 2013/07/16 06:00
PHST- 2013/05/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/05/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/07/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/07/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/01/28 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1111/tan.12150 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Tissue Antigens. 2013 Aug;82(2):106-12. doi: 10.1111/tan.12150.