PMID- 23872855
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130926
LR  - 20130722
IS  - 0177-5103 (Print)
IS  - 0177-5103 (Linking)
VI  - 105
IP  - 2
DP  - 2013 Jul 22
TI  - Identification and characterisation of an ostreid herpesvirus-1 microvariant 
      (OsHV-1 micro-var) in Crassostrea gigas (Pacific oysters) in Australia.
PG  - 109-26
LID - 10.3354/dao02623 [doi]
AB  - Between November 2010 and January 2011, triploid Crassostrea gigas (Pacific 
      oysters) cultivated in the Georges River, New South Wales, experienced >95% 
      mortality. Mortalities also occurred in wild diploid C. gigas in the Georges 
      River and shortly thereafter in the adjacent Parramatta River estuary upstream 
      from Sydney Harbour. Neighbouring Saccostrea glomerata (Sydney rock oysters) did 
      not experience mortalities in either estuary. Surviving oysters were collected to 
      investigate the cause of mortalities. Histologically all oysters displayed 
      significant pathology, and molecular testing revealed a high prevalence of 
      ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1). Quantitative PCR indicated that many C. gigas 
      were carrying a high viral load at the time of sampling, while the load in S. 
      glomerata was significantly lower (p < 0.001). Subsequent in situ hybridisation 
      experiments confirmed the presence of a herpesvirus in C. gigas but not S. 
      glomerata tissues, suggesting that S. glomerata is not susceptible to infection 
      with OsHV-1. Naive sentinel triploid C. gigas placed in the Georges River estuary 
      in January 2011 quickly became infected and experienced nearly 100% mortality 
      within 2 wk of exposure, indicating the persistence of the virus in the 
      environment. Phylogenetic analysis of sequences derived from the C2/C6 region of 
      the virus revealed that the Australian strain of OsHV-1 belongs to the 
      microvariant (micro-var) cluster, which has been associated with severe mortalities 
      in C. gigas in other countries since 2008. Environmental data revealed that the 
      Woolooware Bay outbreaks occurred during a time of considerable environmental 
      disturbance, with increased water temperatures, heavy rainfall, a toxic 
      phytoplankton bloom and the presence of a pathogenic Vibrio sp. all potentially 
      contributing to oyster stress. This is the first confirmed report of OsHV-1 micro-var 
      related C. gigas mortalities in Australia.
FAU - Jenkins, Cheryl
AU  - Jenkins C
AD  - NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, 
      Menangle, Australia. cheryl.jenkins@dpi.nsw.gov.au
FAU - Hick, Paul
AU  - Hick P
FAU - Gabor, Melinda
AU  - Gabor M
FAU - Spiers, Zoe
AU  - Spiers Z
FAU - Fell, Shayne A
AU  - Fell SA
FAU - Gu, Xingnian
AU  - Gu X
FAU - Read, Andrew
AU  - Read A
FAU - Go, Jeffrey
AU  - Go J
FAU - Dove, Michael
AU  - Dove M
FAU - O'Connor, Wayne
AU  - O'Connor W
FAU - Kirkland, Peter D
AU  - Kirkland PD
FAU - Frances, Jane
AU  - Frances J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Germany
TA  - Dis Aquat Organ
JT  - Diseases of aquatic organisms
JID - 8807037
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Australia
MH  - Crassostrea/*virology
MH  - Genetic Variation
MH  - Herpesviridae/*classification/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Host-Pathogen Interactions
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Vibrio/isolation & purification
EDAT- 2013/07/23 06:00
MHDA- 2013/09/27 06:00
CRDT- 2013/07/23 06:00
PHST- 2013/07/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/07/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/09/27 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.3354/dao02623 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Dis Aquat Organ. 2013 Jul 22;105(2):109-26. doi: 10.3354/dao02623.