PMID- 23886277
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130729
LR  - 20130726
IS  - 1354-750X (Print)
IS  - 1354-750X (Linking)
VI  - 6
IP  - 3
DP  - 2001
TI  - Induction of cytochrome P450 1A1 expression in captive river otters fed Prudhoe 
      Bay crude oil: evaluation by immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR.
PG  - 218-35
LID - 10.1080/13547500010014513 [doi]
AB  - Numerous studies have explored the relationships between exposure to a variety of 
      environmental contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and 
      induction of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) in different vertebrates. Few controlled 
      studies, however, simulated chronic long-term exposure with repeated non-lethal 
      sampling of the same individuals, which should better represent repeated exposure 
      incidents in animals inhabiting polluted areas. In this study, we investigated 
      the effects of chronic exposure to crude oil on levels of CYP1A1 in endothelial 
      cells of skin biopsies and peripheral mononuclear blood cells in captive river 
      otters (Lontracanadensis) using repeated sampling of the same individuals. We 
      hypothesized that ingestion of oil would result in an increase in levels of 
      CYP1A1 in both targets, and predicted that the relationship between prolonged 
      exposure and expression of CYP1A1 would reach a plateau indicative of continuous 
      detoxification of hydrocarbons. Fifteen wild-caught male otters were acclimated 
      to captivity, and then fed diets containing no oil (control) or diets containing 
      weathered crude oil at 5 mg day(-1) kg(-1) body weight (low-dose) and 50 mg 
      day(-1) kg(-1) body weight (high-dose), at the Alaska Sealife Center in Seward, 
      Alaska, USA. Expression of CYP1A1 was assessed with immunohistochemical analysis 
      of CYP1A1 protein in skin biopsies and by quantitative RT-PCR analysis of CYP1A1 
      mRNA in mononuclear blood cells. Both assays revealed a decrease between capture 
      and the transfer to captivity, indicating that the enclosure at the Alaska 
      Sealife Center, and the food we offered to the otters were free of potential 
      inducers of CYP1A1. During the exposure period, increases in CYP1A1 expression 
      were registered by both techniques, followed by a decline in CYP1A1 after oil 
      administration ended. Levels of endothelial CYP1A1 in the high-dose group were 
      comparable to those recorded for wild river otters in PWS in 1996 and 1997. 
      Levels of CPY1A1 mRNA in mononuclear blood cells, however, were well below levels 
      recorded for river otters in Prince William Sound, and no correlation was 
      detected between values obtained from the two methods. Thus, our results from 
      this longitudinal study with repeated sampling of the same individuals provide 
      support for the use of cytochrome P450 1A1 as a biomarker for hydrocarbon 
      exposure. Nonetheless, our results also suggest that the induction process of 
      CYP1A1 may be complicated and interacting with other processes in vivo. Such 
      interactions may obscure our ability to describe specific, quantitative, 
      predictable, dose-response relationships between exposure to hydrocarbons and 
      induction of CYP1A1, which are required of reliable biomarkers. Evaluations of 
      such interactions based on theoretical physiological models in live-animals merit 
      further investigation.
FAU - Ben-David, M
AU  - Ben-David M
AD  - Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 
      99775-7000 USA.
FAU - Kondratyuk, T
AU  - Kondratyuk T
FAU - Woodin, B R
AU  - Woodin BR
FAU - Snyder, P W
AU  - Snyder PW
FAU - Stegeman, J J
AU  - Stegeman JJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Biomarkers
JT  - Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to 
      chemicals
JID - 9606000
EDAT- 2001/01/01 00:00
MHDA- 2001/01/01 00:01
CRDT- 2013/07/27 06:00
PHST- 2013/07/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2001/01/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2001/01/01 00:01 [medline]
AID - 10.1080/13547500010014513 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Biomarkers. 2001;6(3):218-35. doi: 10.1080/13547500010014513.