PMID- 23892154
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140325
LR  - 20130903
IS  - 1873-3476 (Electronic)
IS  - 0378-5173 (Linking)
VI  - 455
IP  - 1-2
DP  - 2013 Oct 15
TI  - Aerodynamic dose emission characteristics of dry powder inhalers using an 
      Andersen Cascade Impactor with a mixing inlet: the influence of flow and volume.
PG  - 213-8
LID - S0378-5173(13)00662-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.07.036 [doi]
AB  - An interaction between device resistance and inhalation flow provides the 
      'energy' to de-aggregate the metered dose of dry powder inhalers (DPIs). Hence 
      all dry powder inhalers demonstrate flow dependent dose emission but information 
      on this at low flows is not available. We have adapted the compendial method for 
      the Andersen Cascade Impactor (ACI) to include a mixing inlet to determine the 
      aerodynamic dose emission characteristics of a salbutamol Diskus((R)) [DSK], 
      Easyhaler((R)) [EASY] and Clickhaler((R)) [CLICK] and the terbutaline Turbuhaler((R)) 
      [TBH] using flows of 10-60 L/min and inhalation volumes of 2 and 4 L. All DPIs 
      demonstrated flow dependent dose emission (p<0.001) but there was no difference 
      in the measurements between 2 and 4 L. The flow dependent dose emission 
      properties of each DPI started to plateau when the pressure change inside each 
      device, during an inhalation, was between 1 and 1.5 kPa. This corresponds to 
      inhalation flows of 40.1-49.1, 25.4-28.9, 23.6-28.9 and 29.7-36.3 L/min through 
      DSK, CLICK, EASY and TBH. The adapted methodology allows measurements at low 
      flows. The results highlight that the compendial methodology to use an inhaled 
      volume of 4 L with the ACI could be replaced by 2 L and that the recommendation 
      to make measurements using a pressure drop of 4kPa should be revised.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Yakubu, Sani Ibn
AU  - Yakubu SI
AD  - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Nigeria.
FAU - Assi, Khaled H
AU  - Assi KH
FAU - Chrystyn, Henry
AU  - Chrystyn H
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130724
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Int J Pharm
JT  - International journal of pharmaceutics
JID - 7804127
RN  - N8ONU3L3PG (Terbutaline)
RN  - QF8SVZ843E (Albuterol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Inhalation
MH  - Albuterol/administration & dosage
MH  - *Dry Powder Inhalers
MH  - Rheology
MH  - Technology, Pharmaceutical/*instrumentation
MH  - Terbutaline/administration & dosage
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Different volumes
OT  - Dose emission
OT  - Dry powder inhaler
OT  - Low flows
EDAT- 2013/07/31 06:00
MHDA- 2014/03/26 06:00
CRDT- 2013/07/30 06:00
PHST- 2013/05/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/07/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/07/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/07/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/07/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/03/26 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0378-5173(13)00662-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.07.036 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Pharm. 2013 Oct 15;455(1-2):213-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.07.036. Epub 
      2013 Jul 24.