PMID- 23893927
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140331
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1542-0760 (Electronic)
IS  - 1542-0752 (Print)
IS  - 1542-0752 (Linking)
VI  - 97
IP  - 8
DP  - 2013 Aug
TI  - Evaluating the effects of maternal exposure to benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, 
      and xylene on oral clefts among offspring in Texas: 1999-2008.
PG  - 532-7
LID - 10.1002/bdra.23139 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: There is evidence from previous studies that maternal occupational 
      exposure to hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) is positively associated with oral 
      clefts; however, studies evaluating the association between residential exposure 
      to these toxicants and oral clefts are lacking. Therefore, our goal was to 
      conduct a case-control study examining the association between estimated maternal 
      residential exposure to benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene (BTEX) and 
      the risk of oral clefts among offspring. METHODS: Data on 6045 nonsyndromic 
      isolated oral cleft cases (3915 cleft lip with or without cleft palate [CL +/- P] 
      and 2130 nonsyndromic isolated cleft palate [CP] cases) delivered between 1999 
      and 2008 were obtained from the Texas Birth Defects Registry. The control group 
      was a sample of unaffected live births, frequency matched to cases on year of 
      birth. Census tract-level estimates of annual average exposures were obtained 
      from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2005 Hazardous Air Pollutant 
      Exposure Model (HAPEM5) for each pollutant and assigned to each subject based on 
      maternal residence during pregnancy. Logistic regression was used to assess the 
      relationship between estimated maternal exposure to each pollutant (BTEX) 
      separately and the risk of oral clefts in offspring. RESULTS: High estimated 
      maternal exposure to benzene was not associated with oral clefts, compared with 
      low estimated exposure (CL +/- P adjusted OR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.81 - 1.12; CP 
      adjusted OR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.67 - 1.09). Similar results were seen for the 
      other pollutants. CONCLUSION: In our study, there was no evidence that maternal 
      exposure to environmental levels of BTEX was associated with oral clefts.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FAU - Ramakrishnan, Anushuya
AU  - Ramakrishnan A
AD  - Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University 
      of Texas, School of Public Health, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
FAU - Lupo, Philip J
AU  - Lupo PJ
FAU - Agopian, A J
AU  - Agopian AJ
FAU - Linder, Stephen H
AU  - Linder SH
FAU - Stock, Thomas H
AU  - Stock TH
FAU - Langlois, Peter H
AU  - Langlois PH
FAU - Craft, Elena
AU  - Craft E
LA  - eng
GR  - R03 DE021739/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U01 DD000494/DD/NCBDD CDC HHS/United States
GR  - U01DD000494/DD/NCBDD CDC HHS/United States
GR  - 1R03DE02173901A1/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
DEP - 20130725
PL  - United States
TA  - Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol
JT  - Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology
JID - 101155107
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Benzene Derivatives)
RN  - 0 (Xylenes)
RN  - 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene)
RN  - J64922108F (Benzene)
RN  - L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene)
RN  - Orofacial Cleft 1
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Air Pollutants/*adverse effects
MH  - Benzene/metabolism
MH  - Benzene Derivatives/metabolism
MH  - Brain/*abnormalities
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - *Cleft Lip/chemically induced/epidemiology/etiology
MH  - *Cleft Palate/chemically induced/epidemiology/etiology
MH  - Environmental Exposure/*adverse effects
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Maternal Exposure/*adverse effects
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Risk
MH  - Toluene/metabolism
MH  - Xylenes/metabolism
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC3771492
MID - NIHMS511822
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - benzene
OT  - epidemiology
OT  - hazardous air pollutants
OT  - maternal exposure
OT  - oral clefts
EDAT- 2013/07/31 06:00
MHDA- 2014/04/01 06:00
PMCR- 2014/08/01
CRDT- 2013/07/30 06:00
PHST- 2013/01/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/03/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/03/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/07/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/07/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/04/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/08/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1002/bdra.23139 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2013 Aug;97(8):532-7. doi: 
      10.1002/bdra.23139. Epub 2013 Jul 25.