PMID- 23902683
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140519
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1873-3700 (Electronic)
IS  - 0031-9422 (Linking)
VI  - 95
DP  - 2013 Nov
TI  - Metabolomics driven analysis of artichoke leaf and its commercial products via 
      UHPLC-q-TOF-MS and chemometrics.
PG  - 177-87
LID - S0031-9422(13)00257-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.07.003 [doi]
AB  - The demand to develop efficient and reliable analytical methods for the quality 
      control of herbal medicines and nutraceuticals is on the rise, together with an 
      increase in the legal requirements for safe and consistent levels of active 
      principles. Here, we describe an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography 
      method (UHPLC) coupled with quadrupole high resolution time of flight mass 
      spectrometry (qTOF-MS) analysis for the comprehensive measurement of metabolites 
      from three Cynara scolymus (artichoke) cultivars: American Green Globe, French 
      Hyrious, and Egyptian Baladi. Under optimized conditions, 50 metabolites were 
      simultaneously quantified and identified including: eight caffeic acid 
      derivatives, six saponins, 12 flavonoids and 10 fatty acids. Principal component 
      analysis (PCA) was used to define both similarities and differences among the 
      three artichoke leaf cultivars. In addition, batches from seven commercially 
      available artichoke market products were analysed and showed variable quality, 
      particularly in caffeic acid derivatives, flavonoid and fatty acid contents. PCA 
      analysis was able to discriminate between various preparations, including 
      differentiation between various batches from the same supplier. To the best of 
      our knowledge, this study provides the first approach utilizing UHPLC-MS based 
      metabolite fingerprinting to reveal secondary metabolite compositional 
      differences in artichoke leaf extracts.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Farag, Mohamed A
AU  - Farag MA
AD  - Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. 
      Electronic address: mfarag73@yahoo.com.
FAU - El-Ahmady, Sherweit H
AU  - El-Ahmady SH
FAU - Elian, Fatma S
AU  - Elian FS
FAU - Wessjohann, Ludger A
AU  - Wessjohann LA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130729
PL  - England
TA  - Phytochemistry
JT  - Phytochemistry
JID - 0151434
RN  - 0 (Caffeic Acids)
RN  - 0 (Fatty Acids)
RN  - 0 (Flavonoids)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
RN  - 0 (Saponins)
RN  - U2S3A33KVM (caffeic acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Caffeic Acids/analysis
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
MH  - Cynara scolymus/*chemistry
MH  - Fatty Acids/analysis
MH  - Flavonoids/analysis
MH  - Mass Spectrometry/methods
MH  - *Metabolome
MH  - Metabolomics/methods
MH  - Plant Extracts/*chemistry
MH  - Plant Leaves/*chemistry
MH  - Principal Component Analysis
MH  - Saponins/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Artichoke
OT  - Cynara scolymus L. (Asteraceae)
OT  - MS
OT  - PCA
OT  - PDA
OT  - Principal component analysis
OT  - Quality control
OT  - UHPLC
OT  - UHPLC-MS
OT  - mass spectrometry
OT  - photodiode array detection
OT  - principal component analysis
OT  - qTOF
OT  - quadrupole time of flight
OT  - ultra high performance liquid chromatography
EDAT- 2013/08/02 06:00
MHDA- 2014/05/20 06:00
CRDT- 2013/08/02 06:00
PHST- 2013/03/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/06/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/07/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/08/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/08/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/05/20 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0031-9422(13)00257-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.07.003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Phytochemistry. 2013 Nov;95:177-87. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.07.003. Epub 
      2013 Jul 29.