PMID- 23904458
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140421
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1556-679X (Electronic)
IS  - 1556-6811 (Print)
IS  - 1556-679X (Linking)
VI  - 20
IP  - 10
DP  - 2013 Oct
TI  - Effect of HIV and chlamydia infection on rectal inflammation and cytokine 
      concentrations in men who have sex with men.
PG  - 1517-23
LID - 10.1128/CVI.00763-12 [doi]
AB  - Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis infections are common in HIV-infected men who 
      have sex with men (MSM). Although C. trachomatis combined with HIV would be 
      likely to enhance inflammation, the asymptomatic course suggests otherwise. We 
      assessed local inflammation, mucosal damage, and cytokine concentrations in 
      rectal mucosal fluid samples from patients with HIV (with or without the use of 
      combination antiretroviral therapy [cART]) and with or without the presence of 
      rectal C. trachomatis. Rectal swabs from 79 MSM (with and without C. trachomatis, 
      HIV, and cART use) who reported a history of receptive anal sex were analyzed for 
      neutrophil activation (measured by myeloperoxidase [MPO]), mucosal leakage 
      (measured by albumin and alpha-2-macroglobulin), and proinflammatory and 
      anti-inflammatory cytokines. C. trachomatis infection, HIV infection, and cART 
      use in MSM had no differential effects on rectal neutrophilic inflammation and 
      mucosal damage. Interleukin 8 (IL-8) was found to correlate with MPO, and MPO 
      correlated with markers of mucosal damage. In HIV-negative participants, men with 
      C. trachomatis infection had lower concentrations of monocyte chemotactic protein 
      1 (MCP-1), IL-1alpha, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) than men without rectal 
      C. trachomatis infection (P = 0.005, 0.007, and 0.07, respectively). We found no 
      difference in anal cytokine concentrations in HIV-infected participants in 
      relation to the presence of C. trachomatis infection or cART use. In participants 
      with rectal C. trachomatis infection, those who were HIV negative had lower 
      median concentrations of IL-8 and IL-1alpha than those with HIV (P = 0.05 and 0.06, 
      respectively). The slope of the regression line between MPO and IL-8 was reduced 
      in participants with rectal C. trachomatis infection. C. trachomatis dampens 
      cytokine concentrations but not in HIV-infected patients. The extent of mucosal 
      damage was comparable in all patient groups. The apparent reduced neutrophil 
      response to IL-8 in HIV-infected patients with C. trachomatis infection is in 
      accordance with its asymptomatic course.
FAU - Heiligenberg, Marlies
AU  - Heiligenberg M
AD  - Cluster of Infectious Diseases, Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the 
      Netherlands.
FAU - Lutter, Rene
AU  - Lutter R
FAU - Pajkrt, Dasja
AU  - Pajkrt D
FAU - Adams, Karin
AU  - Adams K
FAU - De Vries, Henry
AU  - De Vries H
FAU - Heijman, Titia
AU  - Heijman T
FAU - Schim van der Loeff, Maarten F
AU  - Schim van der Loeff MF
FAU - Geerlings, Suzanne
AU  - Geerlings S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130731
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Vaccine Immunol
JT  - Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI
JID - 101252125
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Chlamydia Infections/*immunology/*pathology
MH  - Chlamydia trachomatis/isolation & purification
MH  - Cytokines/*metabolism
MH  - HIV/isolation & purification
MH  - HIV Infections/*immunology/*pathology
MH  - Homosexuality, Male
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intestinal Mucosa/physiopathology
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Neutrophils/immunology
MH  - Proctitis/*immunology/*pathology
PMC - PMC3807186
EDAT- 2013/08/02 06:00
MHDA- 2014/04/22 06:00
PMCR- 2014/04/01
CRDT- 2013/08/02 06:00
PHST- 2013/08/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/08/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/04/22 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/04/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - CVI.00763-12 [pii]
AID - 00763-12 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/CVI.00763-12 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2013 Oct;20(10):1517-23. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00763-12. Epub 
      2013 Jul 31.