PMID- 23911668
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140415
LR  - 20220311
IS  - 1879-0631 (Electronic)
IS  - 0024-3205 (Print)
IS  - 0024-3205 (Linking)
VI  - 97
IP  - 1
DP  - 2014 Feb 27
TI  - Bath salts and synthetic cathinones: an emerging designer drug phenomenon.
PG  - 2-8
LID - S0024-3205(13)00424-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.07.023 [doi]
AB  - Synthetic cathinones are an emerging class of designer drugs abused for 
      psychostimulant and hallucinogenic effects similar to cocaine, 
      methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), or other amphetamines. Abuse of synthetic 
      cathinones, frequently included in products sold as 'bath salts', became 
      prevalent in early 2009, leading to legislative classification throughout Europe 
      in 2010 and schedule I classification within the United States in 2011. Recent 
      pre-clinical and clinical studies indicate that dysregulation of central 
      monoamine systems is a principal mechanism of synthetic cathinone action and 
      presumably underlie the behavioral effects and abuse liability associated with 
      these drugs. This review provides insight into the development of synthetic 
      cathinones as substances of abuse, current patterns of their abuse, known 
      mechanisms of their action and toxicology, and the benefits and drawbacks of 
      their classification.
CI  - (c) 2013.
FAU - German, Christopher L
AU  - German CL
AD  - Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 
      84112, USA. Electronic address: christopher.german@utah.edu.
FAU - Fleckenstein, Annette E
AU  - Fleckenstein AE
AD  - Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 
      84112, USA.
FAU - Hanson, Glen R
AU  - Hanson GR
AD  - Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 
      84112, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 DA011389/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - K05 DA000378/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DA00869/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P01 DA013367/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DA00378/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DA31883/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DA19447/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DA13367/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DA11389/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R29 DA011389/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DA031883/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - K02 DA019447/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DA000869/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Historical Article
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Review
DEP - 20130802
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Life Sci
JT  - Life sciences
JID - 0375521
RN  - 0 (Alkaloids)
RN  - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants)
RN  - 0 (Designer Drugs)
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs)
RN  - 540EI4406J (cathinone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alkaloids/*adverse effects/chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Central Nervous System Stimulants/adverse effects/chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - Designer Drugs/*adverse effects/chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - Europe
MH  - Hallucinogens/adverse effects/chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - History, 17th Century
MH  - Humans
MH  - Illicit Drugs/adverse effects/chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - Legislation, Drug
MH  - Psychotropic Drugs/adverse effects/chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology
MH  - United States
PMC - PMC3909723
MID - NIHMS520669
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Bath salts
OT  - Designer drugs
OT  - MDPV
OT  - Mephedrone
OT  - Methylone
OT  - Stimulants
OT  - Synthetic cathinone
COIS- Conflicts of Interest: All authors declare no conflicts of interest
EDAT- 2013/08/06 06:00
MHDA- 2014/04/16 06:00
PMCR- 2015/02/27
CRDT- 2013/08/06 06:00
PHST- 2013/05/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/07/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/07/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/08/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/08/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/04/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/02/27 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0024-3205(13)00424-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.07.023 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Life Sci. 2014 Feb 27;97(1):2-8. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.07.023. Epub 2013 Aug 2.