PMID- 23911858
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140331
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1532-2238 (Electronic)
IS  - 1096-6374 (Print)
IS  - 1096-6374 (Linking)
VI  - 23
IP  - 5
DP  - 2013 Oct
TI  - The frontal cortex IGF system is down regulated in the term, intrauterine growth 
      restricted fetal baboon.
PG  - 187-92
LID - S1096-6374(13)00067-1 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.ghir.2013.07.003 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The IGF system exerts systemic and local actions during development. 
      We previously demonstrated that fetal cerebral cortical IGF1 is reduced at 0.5 
      gestation in our IUGR baboon nonhuman primate model. We hypothesized that by term 
      protein expression of several key IGF system stimulatory peptide pathway 
      components and downstream nutrient signaling effectors of IGF, mammalian target 
      of rapamycin (mTOR) and S6, would decrease, indicating reduced cellular nutrient 
      uptake and protein synthesis. DESIGN: We fed 7 control baboons ad libitum while 6 
      baboons ate a globally reduced diet (70% of feed eaten by controls) from 0.16 
      gestation through pregnancy that produces IUGR. Fetuses were removed at Cesarean 
      section at 0.9 gestation. Frontal cortex sections were stained for IGFI, IGFII, 
      IGFRI, IGFR2, IGFBP2, 3, 5 and 6, and mTOR and ribosomal protein S6 and double 
      stained with NeuN a neuron-specific nuclear antigen. RESULTS: All proteins 
      stained neuronal cytoplasm except IGFRI which showed only glial cell cytoplasmic 
      and blood vessel staining. IUGR fetuses showed decreased frontal cortical 
      immunoreactive IGFI, IGFII, IGFRI, IGFBP2, 5 and 6, and mTOR and S6 (p < 0.05). 
      IGFBP3 increased (p < 0.05) and IGFR2 was unchanged (p > 0.05). There were no 
      differences between male and female fetal brains. CONCLUSIONS: When fetal 
      nutrient availability is decreased, IUGR down regulates the IGF system and its 
      mTOR signaling pathway in the fetal frontal cortex coincident with slowed growth. 
      These findings emphasize the importance of the local tissue IGF system in fetal 
      primate brain development.
CI  - (c) 2013.
FAU - Xie, L
AU  - Xie L
AD  - The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, Center for Pregnancy 
      and Newborn Research, Dept. OB/GYN, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
FAU - Antonow-Schlorke, I
AU  - Antonow-Schlorke I
FAU - Schwab, M
AU  - Schwab M
FAU - McDonald, T J
AU  - McDonald TJ
FAU - Nathanielsz, P W
AU  - Nathanielsz PW
FAU - Li, C
AU  - Li C
LA  - eng
GR  - P01 HD021350/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P51 OD011133/OD/NIH HHS/United States
GR  - HD 21350-20/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20130801
PL  - Scotland
TA  - Growth Horm IGF Res
JT  - Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research 
      Society and the International IGF Research Society
JID - 9814320
RN  - 0 (Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Somatomedins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Down-Regulation
MH  - Female
MH  - Fetal Growth Retardation/*metabolism/pathology
MH  - Fetus/metabolism
MH  - Frontal Lobe/embryology/*metabolism
MH  - Gestational Age
MH  - Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Papio
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Signal Transduction
MH  - Somatomedins/*metabolism
MH  - Term Birth/*metabolism
PMC - PMC3919499
MID - NIHMS532985
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Baboon fetus
OT  - Binding proteins
OT  - Brain
OT  - IGF
OT  - IGF receptors
OT  - IGFI
OT  - IUGR
OT  - S6
OT  - mTOR
EDAT- 2013/08/06 06:00
MHDA- 2014/04/01 06:00
PMCR- 2014/02/10
CRDT- 2013/08/06 06:00
PHST- 2013/05/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/07/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/07/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/08/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/08/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/04/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/02/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S1096-6374(13)00067-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ghir.2013.07.003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Growth Horm IGF Res. 2013 Oct;23(5):187-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ghir.2013.07.003. Epub 
      2013 Aug 1.