PMID- 23921320
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140623
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1528-1159 (Electronic)
IS  - 0362-2436 (Linking)
VI  - 38
IP  - 24
DP  - 2013 Nov 15
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in cadaver dogs with metallic vertebral implants at 3 
      Tesla: evaluation of the WARP-turbo spin echo sequence.
PG  - E1548-53
LID - 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182a58b14 [doi]
AB  - STUDY DESIGN: Laboratory investigation, ex vivo. OBJECTIVE: Postoperative 
      complications are common after spinal implantation procedures, and magnetic 
      resonance imaging (MRI) would be the ideal modality to image these patients. 
      Unfortunately, the implants cause artifacts that can render MRI nondiagnostic. 
      The WARP-turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence has been developed to mitigate artifacts 
      caused by metal. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the 
      performance of the WARP-TSE sequence in canine cadaver specimens after 
      implantation with metallic vertebral implants. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: 
      Magnetic field strength, implant type, and MRI acquisition technique all play a 
      role in the severity of susceptibility artifacts. The WARP-TSE sequence uses 
      increased bandwidth, view angle tilting, and SEMAC (slice-encoding metal artifact 
      correction) to correct for susceptibility artifact. The WARP-TSE technique has 
      outperformed conventional techniques in patients, after total hip arthroplasty. 
      However, published reports of its application in subjects with vertebral column 
      implants are lacking. METHODS: Ex vivo anterior stabilization of the atlantoaxial 
      joint was performed on 6 adult small breed (<8 kg) cadaver dogs using stainless 
      steel screws and polymethylmethacrylate. Axial and sagittal T2-weighted and short 
      tau inversion recovery MRI was performed using conventional pulse sequences and 
      WARP-TSE sequences at 3 T. Images were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. 
      RESULTS: Images made with the WARP-TSE sequence had smaller susceptibility 
      artifacts and superior spinal cord margin depiction. WARP-TSE sequences reduced 
      the length over which susceptibility artifacts caused spinal cord margin 
      depiction interference by 24.9% to 71.5% with scan times of approximately 12 to 
      16 minutes. CONCLUSION: The WARP-TSE sequence is a viable option for evaluating 
      the vertebral column after implantation with stainless steel implants. LEVEL OF 
      EVIDENCE: N/A.
FAU - Griffin, John F 4th
AU  - Griffin JF 4th
AD  - *Department of Veterinary Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 
      College Station, TX daggerDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of 
      Missouri, Columbia, MO double daggerDepartment of Veterinary Small Animal Clinical Sciences, 
      Texas A&M University, College Station, TX; and  section signSiemens Medical Solutions, 
      Malvern, PA.
FAU - Archambault, Nicholas S
AU  - Archambault NS
FAU - Mankin, Joseph M
AU  - Mankin JM
FAU - Wall, Corey R
AU  - Wall CR
FAU - Thompson, James A
AU  - Thompson JA
FAU - Padua, Abraham Jr
AU  - Padua A Jr
FAU - Purdy, David
AU  - Purdy D
FAU - Kerwin, Sharon C
AU  - Kerwin SC
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Spine (Phila Pa 1976)
JT  - Spine
JID - 7610646
RN  - 0 (Metals)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Artifacts
MH  - Cadaver
MH  - Dogs
MH  - Echo-Planar Imaging/methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Image Enhancement/methods
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods
MH  - *Metals
MH  - Postoperative Complications/diagnosis/diagnostic imaging
MH  - *Prostheses and Implants
MH  - Radiography
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Spine/*surgery
EDAT- 2013/08/08 06:00
MHDA- 2014/06/24 06:00
CRDT- 2013/08/08 06:00
PHST- 2013/08/08 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/08/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/06/24 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182a58b14 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013 Nov 15;38(24):E1548-53. doi: 
      10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182a58b14.