PMID- 23925942
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141114
LR  - 20140319
IS  - 1477-0903 (Electronic)
IS  - 0960-3271 (Linking)
VI  - 33
IP  - 4
DP  - 2014 Apr
TI  - Effects of chromium picolinate on the viability of chick embryo fibroblast.
PG  - 403-13
LID - 10.1177/0960327113499042 [doi]
AB  - Chromium picolinate (CrPic), which is used as a nutritional supplement and to 
      treat type 2 diabetes, has gained much attention because of its cytotoxicity. 
      This study evaluated the effects of CrPic on the viability of the chick embryo 
      fibroblast (CEF) using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium 
      bromide assay, morphological detection, and flow cytometry. The results show that 
      lower concentrations of CrPic (8 and 16 muM) did not damage CEF viability (p > 
      0.05). However, higher CrPic concentrations (400 and 600 muM) indicated a highly 
      significant effect on the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, 
      alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular calcium ion 
      concentration, and the apoptosis rate (p < 0.01), contrary to lower CrPic 
      concentrations (8 and 16 muM) and control group. Moreover, apoptotic morphological 
      changes induced by these processes in CEF were confirmed using Hoechst 33258 
      staining. Cell death induced by higher concentrations of CrPic was caused by an 
      apoptotic and a necrotic mechanism, whereas the main mechanism of oxidative 
      stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was apoptotic death.
FAU - Bai, Y
AU  - Bai Y
AD  - 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control 
      Engineering Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
FAU - Zhao, X
AU  - Zhao X
FAU - Qi, C
AU  - Qi C
FAU - Wang, L
AU  - Wang L
FAU - Cheng, Z
AU  - Cheng Z
FAU - Liu, M
AU  - Liu M
FAU - Liu, J
AU  - Liu J
FAU - Yang, D
AU  - Yang D
FAU - Wang, S
AU  - Wang S
FAU - Chai, T
AU  - Chai T
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130807
PL  - England
TA  - Hum Exp Toxicol
JT  - Human & experimental toxicology
JID - 9004560
RN  - 0 (Picolinic Acids)
RN  - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
RN  - QZV2W997JQ (picolinic acid)
RN  - SY7Q814VUP (Calcium)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Calcium/metabolism
MH  - Cell Survival/*drug effects
MH  - Chick Embryo
MH  - Fibroblasts/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Flow Cytometry
MH  - Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
MH  - Picolinic Acids/*pharmacology
MH  - Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Chromium picolinate
OT  - apoptosis
OT  - chick embryo fibroblast
OT  - flow cytometry
OT  - oxidative stress
EDAT- 2013/08/09 06:00
MHDA- 2014/11/15 06:00
CRDT- 2013/08/09 06:00
PHST- 2013/08/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/08/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/11/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - 0960327113499042 [pii]
AID - 10.1177/0960327113499042 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Hum Exp Toxicol. 2014 Apr;33(4):403-13. doi: 10.1177/0960327113499042. Epub 2013 
      Aug 7.