PMID- 23928963
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20131031
LR  - 20220316
IS  - 1521-4141 (Electronic)
IS  - 0014-2980 (Linking)
VI  - 43
IP  - 8
DP  - 2013 Aug
TI  - The immunopathogenesis of the HIV tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory 
      syndrome.
PG  - 1995-2002
LID - 10.1002/eji.201343632 [doi]
AB  - HIV-1 patients co-infected with some pathogens are at risk of developing the 
      immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) when initiating antiretroviral 
      therapy (ART). IRIS is characterized by inflammation leading to the clinical 
      worsening of a treated infection or the unmasking of a previously undiagnosed 
      condition or infection. It is commonly associated with tuberculosis (TB), 8-43% 
      of the HIV-TB co-infected patients prescribed with antitubercular treatment and 
      ART develop TB-IRIS. Although IRIS has been recognized for over 20 years, 
      relatively little was known until recently about its pathogenesis. Despite these 
      advances in understanding IRIS, there remains no immune biomarker for diagnostic 
      or prognostic purposes. Here, we review the risk factors associated with TB-IRIS, 
      the challenges in studying this syndrome, and how T lymphocytes, dysregulated 
      cytokine responses, and innate immunity may contribute to the development of 
      TB-IRIS.
CI  - (c) 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
FAU - Lai, Rachel P J
AU  - Lai RP
AD  - MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London, UK.
FAU - Nakiwala, Justine K
AU  - Nakiwala JK
FAU - Meintjes, Graeme
AU  - Meintjes G
FAU - Wilkinson, Robert J
AU  - Wilkinson RJ
LA  - eng
GR  - U1175.02.002.00014.01/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
GR  - 088316/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
GR  - 084323/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
GR  - MC_U117588499/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
GR  - 098316/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - Germany
TA  - Eur J Immunol
JT  - European journal of immunology
JID - 1273201
RN  - 0 (Anti-Retroviral Agents)
RN  - 0 (Antitubercular Agents)
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-Retroviral Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use
MH  - Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - CD4 Lymphocyte Count
MH  - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
MH  - Coinfection
MH  - Cytokines/metabolism
MH  - HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/*immunology
MH  - HIV-1
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/diagnosis/*immunology
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
MH  - Tuberculosis/complications/drug therapy/*immunology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Drug therapy complications
OT  - HIV-1 infection
OT  - Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
OT  - Tuberculosis
EDAT- 2013/08/10 06:00
MHDA- 2013/11/01 06:00
CRDT- 2013/08/10 06:00
PHST- 2013/04/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/06/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/07/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/08/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/08/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/11/01 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1002/eji.201343632 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Immunol. 2013 Aug;43(8):1995-2002. doi: 10.1002/eji.201343632.