PMID- 23935572
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130812
LR  - 20220321
IS  - 1662-5161 (Print)
IS  - 1662-5161 (Electronic)
IS  - 1662-5161 (Linking)
VI  - 7
DP  - 2013
TI  - The effects of mental practice in neurological rehabilitation; a systematic 
      review and meta-analysis.
PG  - 390
LID - 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00390 [doi]
LID - 390
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the beneficial and adverse effects of a mental practice 
      intervention on activities, cognition, and emotion in patients after stroke, 
      patients with Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis. METHODS: Electronic 
      databases PubMed/Medline, PEDro, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, 
      Rehadat, Embase, and Picarta were searched until June 2012. Fourteen randomized 
      controlled trials in stroke and two randomized controlled trials in Parkinson's 
      disease were included, representing 491 patients (421 with stroke). No randomized 
      controlled trials in multiple sclerosis were identified. The methodologic quality 
      of the included trials was assessed with the Amsterdam-Maastricht-Consensus-List 
      (AMCL). Information on study characteristics and outcomes was summarized and 
      evidence for effects described. Data from individual studies in stroke with same 
      outcome measures were pooled. RESULTS: The included 16 randomized controlled 
      trials were heterogeneous and methodologic quality varied. Ten trials reported 
      significant effects in favor of mental practice in patients with stroke (n = 9) 
      and Parkinson's disease (n = 1). In six studies mental practice had similar 
      effects as therapy as usual (n = 5 in stroke and n = 1 in Parkinson's disease). 
      Of six performed meta-analyses with identical measures in stroke studies only two 
      showed significant effects of mental practice: short-term improvement of 
      arm-hand-ability (ARAT: SMD 0.62; 95% CI: 0.05 to 1.19) and improvement of 
      performance of activities (NRS: SMD 0.9; 95% CI: 0.04 to 1.77). Five studies 
      found effects on cognition (e.g., effects on attention, plan actions in 
      unfamiliar surroundings) and four reported observed side-effects, both positive 
      (e.g., might increase motivation and arousal and reduce depression) and negative 
      (e.g., diminished concentration, irritation). CONCLUSIONS: Mental practice might 
      have positive effects on performance of activities in patients with neurological 
      diseases, but this review reports less positive results than earlier published 
      ones. Strengths and limitations of past studies are pointed out. Methodologic 
      recommendations for future studies are given.
FAU - Braun, Susy
AU  - Braun S
AD  - Research Centre Autonomy and Participation of Patients with a Chronic Illness, 
      Zuyd University of Applied Sciences Heerlen, Netherlands ; School for Public 
      Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands.
FAU - Kleynen, Melanie
AU  - Kleynen M
FAU - van Heel, Tessa
AU  - van Heel T
FAU - Kruithof, Nena
AU  - Kruithof N
FAU - Wade, Derick
AU  - Wade D
FAU - Beurskens, Anna
AU  - Beurskens A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20130802
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Hum Neurosci
JT  - Frontiers in human neuroscience
JID - 101477954
PMC - PMC3731552
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - mental practice
OT  - meta-analysis
OT  - neurorehabilitation
OT  - systematic review
EDAT- 2013/08/13 06:00
MHDA- 2013/08/13 06:01
PMCR- 2013/01/01
CRDT- 2013/08/13 06:00
PHST- 2013/03/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/07/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/08/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/08/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/08/13 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2013/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00390 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Hum Neurosci. 2013 Aug 2;7:390. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00390. eCollection 
      2013.