PMID- 23939974
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20131119
LR  - 20220316
IS  - 1465-2099 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-1317 (Linking)
VI  - 94
IP  - Pt 10
DP  - 2013 Oct
TI  - Arterivirus molecular biology and pathogenesis.
PG  - 2141-2163
LID - 10.1099/vir.0.056341-0 [doi]
AB  - Arteriviruses are positive-stranded RNA viruses that infect mammals. They can 
      cause persistent or asymptomatic infections, but also acute disease associated 
      with a respiratory syndrome, abortion or lethal haemorrhagic fever. During the 
      past two decades, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) 
      and, to a lesser extent, equine arteritis virus (EAV) have attracted attention as 
      veterinary pathogens with significant economic impact. Particularly noteworthy 
      were the 'porcine high fever disease' outbreaks in South-East Asia and the 
      emergence of new virulent PRRSV strains in the USA. Recently, the family was 
      expanded with several previously unknown arteriviruses isolated from different 
      African monkey species. At the molecular level, arteriviruses share an intriguing 
      but distant evolutionary relationship with coronaviruses and other members of the 
      order Nidovirales. Nevertheless, several of their characteristics are unique, 
      including virion composition and structure, and the conservation of only a subset 
      of the replicase domains encountered in nidoviruses with larger genomes. During 
      the past 15 years, the advent of reverse genetics systems for EAV and PRRSV has 
      changed and accelerated the structure-function analysis of arterivirus RNA and 
      protein sequences. These systems now also facilitate studies into host immune 
      responses and arterivirus immune evasion and pathogenesis. In this review, we 
      have summarized recent advances in the areas of arterivirus genome expression, 
      RNA and protein functions, virion architecture, virus-host interactions, 
      immunity, and pathogenesis. We have also briefly reviewed the impact of these 
      advances on disease management, the engineering of novel candidate live vaccines 
      and the diagnosis of arterivirus infection.
FAU - Snijder, Eric J
AU  - Snijder EJ
AD  - Molecular Virology Department, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden 
      University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
FAU - Kikkert, Marjolein
AU  - Kikkert M
AD  - Molecular Virology Department, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden 
      University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
FAU - Fang, Ying
AU  - Fang Y
AD  - Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary 
      Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA.
AD  - Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, 
      Brookings, South Dakota, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PT  - Review
DEP - 20130812
PL  - England
TA  - J Gen Virol
JT  - The Journal of general virology
JID - 0077340
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Arterivirus/classification/*genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology
MH  - Arterivirus Infections/epidemiology/*veterinary/virology
MH  - Genome, Viral/genetics/physiology
MH  - Global Health
MH  - Mammals
MH  - Phylogeny
EDAT- 2013/08/14 06:00
MHDA- 2013/11/20 06:00
CRDT- 2013/08/14 06:00
PHST- 2013/08/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/08/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/11/20 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1099/vir.0.056341-0 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Gen Virol. 2013 Oct;94(Pt 10):2141-2163. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.056341-0. Epub 2013 
      Aug 12.