PMID- 23940417
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140424
LR  - 20240323
IS  - 1178-2013 (Electronic)
IS  - 1176-9114 (Print)
IS  - 1176-9114 (Linking)
VI  - 8
DP  - 2013
TI  - Green chemistry approach for the synthesis of biocompatible graphene.
PG  - 2719-32
LID - 10.2147/IJN.S45174 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Graphene is a single-atom thick, two-dimensional sheet of hexagonally 
      arranged carbon atoms isolated from its three-dimensional parent material, 
      graphite. One of the most common methods for preparation of graphene is chemical 
      exfoliation of graphite using powerful oxidizing agents. Generally, graphene is 
      synthesized through deoxygenation of graphene oxide (GO) by using hydrazine, 
      which is one of the most widespread and strongest reducing agents. Due to the 
      high toxicity of hydrazine, it is not a promising reducing agent in large-scale 
      production of graphene; therefore, this study focused on a green or sustainable 
      synthesis of graphene and the biocompatibility of graphene in primary mouse 
      embryonic fibroblast cells (PMEFs). METHODS: Here, we demonstrated a simple, 
      rapid, and green chemistry approach for the synthesis of reduced GO (rGO) from GO 
      using triethylamine (TEA) as a reducing agent and stabilizing agent. The obtained 
      TEA reduced GO (TEA-rGO) was characterized by ultraviolet (UV)-visible absorption 
      spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size dynamic light scattering 
      (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force 
      microscopy (AFM). RESULTS: The transition of graphene oxide to graphene was 
      confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy. XRD and SEM were used to investigate the 
      crystallinity of graphene and the surface morphologies of prepared graphene 
      respectively. The formation of defects further supports the functionalization of 
      graphene as indicated in the Raman spectrum of TEA-rGO. Surface morphology and 
      the thickness of the GO and TEA-rGO were analyzed using AFM. The presented 
      results suggest that TEA-rGO shows significantly more biocompatibility with PMEFs 
      cells than GO. CONCLUSION: This is the first report about using TEA as a reducing 
      as well as a stabilizing agent for the preparation of biocompatible graphene. The 
      proposed safe and green method offers substitute routes for large-scale 
      production of graphene for several biomedical applications.
FAU - Gurunathan, Sangiliyandi
AU  - Gurunathan S
AD  - Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea. 
      gsangiliyandi@yahoo.com
FAU - Han, Jae Woong
AU  - Han JW
FAU - Kim, Jin-Hoi
AU  - Kim JH
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130731
PL  - New Zealand
TA  - Int J Nanomedicine
JT  - International journal of nanomedicine
JID - 101263847
RN  - 0 (Biocompatible Materials)
RN  - 0 (Ethylamines)
RN  - 7782-42-5 (Graphite)
RN  - VOU728O6AY (triethylamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biocompatible Materials/*chemical synthesis/chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - Cell Membrane/drug effects
MH  - Cell Proliferation/drug effects
MH  - Cell Survival/drug effects
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Ethylamines/chemistry
MH  - Fibroblasts
MH  - Graphite/*chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - Green Chemistry Technology/*methods
MH  - Mice
MH  - Microscopy, Atomic Force
MH  - Particle Size
MH  - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
MH  - Spectrum Analysis, Raman
PMC - PMC3736970
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Raman spectroscopy
OT  - atomic force microscopy
OT  - graphene
OT  - graphene oxide
OT  - triethylamine
OT  - ultraviolet
OT  - visible spectroscopy
EDAT- 2013/08/14 06:00
MHDA- 2014/04/25 06:00
PMCR- 2013/07/31
CRDT- 2013/08/14 06:00
PHST- 2013/08/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/08/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/04/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2013/07/31 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijn-8-2719 [pii]
AID - 10.2147/IJN.S45174 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Nanomedicine. 2013;8:2719-32. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S45174. Epub 2013 Jul 31.