PMID- 23959200
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140903
LR  - 20220409
IS  - 1095-9572 (Electronic)
IS  - 1053-8119 (Linking)
VI  - 86
DP  - 2014 Feb 1
TI  - Neural correlates of experimentally induced flow experiences.
PG  - 194-202
LID - S1053-8119(13)00873-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.019 [doi]
AB  - Flow refers to a positive, activity-associated, subjective experience under 
      conditions of a perceived fit between skills and task demands. Using functional 
      magnetic resonance perfusion imaging, we investigated the neural correlates of 
      flow in a sample of 27 human subjects. Experimentally, in the flow condition 
      participants worked on mental arithmetic tasks at challenging task difficulty 
      which was automatically and continuously adjusted to individuals' skill level. 
      Experimental settings of "boredom" and "overload" served as comparison 
      conditions. The experience of flow was associated with relative increases in 
      neural activity in the left anterior inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the left 
      putamen. Relative decreases in neural activity were observed in the medial 
      prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and the amygdala (AMY). Subjective ratings of the flow 
      experience were significantly associated with changes in neural activity in the 
      IFG, AMY, and, with trend towards significance, in the MPFC. We conclude that 
      neural activity changes in these brain regions reflect psychological processes 
      that map on the characteristic features of flow: coding of increased outcome 
      probability (putamen), deeper sense of cognitive control (IFG), decreased 
      self-referential processing (MPFC), and decreased negative arousal (AMY).
CI  - (c) 2013. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ulrich, Martin
AU  - Ulrich M
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, 89075 Ulm, 
      Germany. Electronic address: martin.ulrich@uni-ulm.de.
FAU - Keller, Johannes
AU  - Keller J
AD  - Department of Psychology and Education, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany.
FAU - Hoenig, Klaus
AU  - Hoenig K
AD  - Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, 
      Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
FAU - Waller, Christiane
AU  - Waller C
AD  - Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, 
      Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
FAU - Gron, Georg
AU  - Gron G
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, 89075 Ulm, 
      Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130817
PL  - United States
TA  - Neuroimage
JT  - NeuroImage
JID - 9215515
SB  - IM
MH  - Arousal/*physiology
MH  - Brain/*physiology
MH  - Brain Mapping/*methods
MH  - Cognition/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
MH  - Male
MH  - Mathematics
MH  - Motivation/*physiology
MH  - Problem Solving/*physiology
MH  - *Task Performance and Analysis
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - AMY
OT  - ANOVA
OT  - Amygdala
OT  - Analysis of variance
OT  - B
OT  - BA
OT  - Boredom (experimental condition)
OT  - Brodmann area
OT  - CASL
OT  - CNR
OT  - Continuous arterial spin labeling
OT  - Contrast-to-noise ratio
OT  - DMN
OT  - Default-mode network
OT  - EPI
OT  - Echo time
OT  - Echo-planar imaging
OT  - F
OT  - Field of view
OT  - Flow (experimental condition)
OT  - Flow experience
OT  - FoV
OT  - IFG
OT  - Inferior frontal gyrus
OT  - Intrinsic motivation
OT  - MNI
OT  - MPFC
OT  - MRI
OT  - Magnetic resonance imaging
OT  - Medial prefrontal cortex
OT  - Montreal Neurological Institute
OT  - O
OT  - Overload (experimental condition)
OT  - Perfusion imaging
OT  - R
OT  - Regional cerebral blood flow
OT  - Repetition time
OT  - Rest (experimental condition)
OT  - SPM
OT  - Statistical Parametric Mapping
OT  - TE
OT  - TR
OT  - rCBF
EDAT- 2013/08/21 06:00
MHDA- 2014/09/04 06:00
CRDT- 2013/08/21 06:00
PHST- 2013/06/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/08/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/08/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/08/21 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/08/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/09/04 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1053-8119(13)00873-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.019 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuroimage. 2014 Feb 1;86:194-202. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.019. Epub 
      2013 Aug 17.