PMID- 23994506
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140717
LR  - 20131126
IS  - 1095-8304 (Electronic)
IS  - 0195-6663 (Linking)
VI  - 71
DP  - 2013 Dec
TI  - The effect of galactose ingestion on affect and perceived exertion in 
      recreationally active females.
PG  - 252-8
LID - S0195-6663(13)00367-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.appet.2013.08.009 [doi]
AB  - The beneficial effects of acute carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation on exercise 
      performance have been well described. Also reported is the attenuation of 
      perceived exertion and enhancement of affect during prolonged exercise following 
      CHO ingestion. However, no studies to date have assessed the impact of the type 
      of CHO ingested on affective responses during moderate intensity exercise, 
      lasting 60 min or less. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to 
      investigate the effects of consuming a galactose (GAL) CHO drink versus a glucose 
      (GLU) CHO or placebo (PLA) drink before and during exercise on affect and 
      perceived exertion. Nine recreationally active females undertook three trials, 
      each consisting of running for 60 min at 65% VO2max followed immediately by a 90 
      min rest period. Prior to (300 ml) and at every 15 min during exercise (150 ml), 
      participants consumed either a GLU or GAL drink each containing 45 g of CHO, or 
      an artificially-sweetened PLA drink. Ratings of pleasure-displeasure and 
      perceived activation were measured throughout exercise and the rest period and 
      measures of perceived exertion were measured during exercise. Plasma glucose and 
      serum insulin were significantly greater throughout exercise and rest following 
      the GLU trial compared with the GAL and PLA trials (P<0.05). Measures of 
      perceived activation and pleasure-displeasure were not enhanced nor RPE reduced 
      as a result of ingestion of a CHO solution. In conclusion, the GAL beverage 
      elicited a more favourable metabolic profile in the exercising females but this 
      did not translate into an enhanced affective profile. Indeed, CHO ingestion had 
      no noticeable effect on the assessed psychological indices during 60 min of 
      moderate-intensity exercise in females. It is suggested that the maintenance of a 
      positive affective profile may be explained more by the level of hydration as 
      opposed to fuel availability. Therefore, those seeking to use beverages 
      containing CHO to enhance their exercise experience may take note of these 
      findings as this practise appears unjustified.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Duckworth, Lauren C
AU  - Duckworth LC
AD  - Carnegie Faculty, Leeds Metropolitan University, Fairfax Hall, Headingley Campus, 
      Leeds LS6 3QS, UK. Electronic address: L.Duckworth@leedsmet.ac.uk.
FAU - Backhouse, Susan H
AU  - Backhouse SH
FAU - Stevenson, Emma J
AU  - Stevenson EJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130830
PL  - England
TA  - Appetite
JT  - Appetite
JID - 8006808
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose)
RN  - X2RN3Q8DNE (Galactose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Affect/*drug effects
MH  - Beverages
MH  - Blood Glucose/metabolism
MH  - Cross-Over Studies
MH  - Exercise/physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Galactose/*administration & dosage
MH  - Glucose/administration & dosage
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin/blood
MH  - Perception/drug effects
MH  - Physical Exertion/*drug effects/*physiology
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Affect
OT  - Carbohydrate
OT  - Exercise
OT  - Females
OT  - Pleasure-displeasure
OT  - RPE
EDAT- 2013/09/03 06:00
MHDA- 2014/07/18 06:00
CRDT- 2013/09/03 06:00
PHST- 2013/03/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/07/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/08/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/09/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/09/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/07/18 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0195-6663(13)00367-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.appet.2013.08.009 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Appetite. 2013 Dec;71:252-8. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.08.009. Epub 2013 Aug 30.