PMID- 23999121
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140619
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1873-7544 (Electronic)
IS  - 0306-4522 (Print)
IS  - 0306-4522 (Linking)
VI  - 253
DP  - 2013 Dec 3
TI  - Inter-relationships among diet, obesity and hippocampal-dependent cognitive 
      function.
PG  - 110-22
LID - S0306-4522(13)00732-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.08.044 [doi]
AB  - Intake of a Western diet (WD), which is high in saturated fat and sugar, is 
      associated with deficits in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory processes 
      as well as with markers of hippocampal pathology. In the present study, rats were 
      trained to asymptote on hippocampal-dependent serial feature negative (FN) and 
      hippocampal-independent simple discrimination problems. Performance was then 
      assessed following 7 days on ad libitum chow and after 10, 24, 40, 60, and 90 
      days of maintenance on WD, on ketogenic (KETO) diet, which is high in saturated 
      fat and low in sugar and other carbohydrates, or continued maintenance on chow 
      (CHOW). Confirming and extending previous findings, diet-induced obese (DIO) rats 
      fed WD showed impaired FN performance, increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) 
      permeability, and increased fasting blood glucose levels compared to CHOW 
      controls and to diet-resistant (DR) rats that did not become obese when 
      maintained on WD. For rats fed the KETO diet, FN performance and BBB integrity 
      were more closely associated with level of circulating ketone bodies than with 
      obesity phenotype (DR or DIO), with higher levels of ketones appearing to provide 
      a protective effect. The evidence also indicated that FN deficits preceded and 
      predicted increased body weight and adiposity. This research (a) further 
      substantiates previous findings of WD-induced deficits in hippocampal-dependent 
      FN discriminations, (b) suggests that ketones may be protective against 
      diet-induced cognitive impairment, and (c) provides evidence that diet-induced 
      cognitive impairment precedes weight gain and obesity.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2013 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Davidson, T L
AU  - Davidson TL
AD  - Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, Washington, DC, United 
      States. Electronic address: terryd@american.edu.
FAU - Hargrave, S L
AU  - Hargrave SL
FAU - Swithers, S E
AU  - Swithers SE
FAU - Sample, C H
AU  - Sample CH
FAU - Fu, X
AU  - Fu X
FAU - Kinzig, K P
AU  - Kinzig KP
FAU - Zheng, W
AU  - Zheng W
LA  - eng
GR  - ES017055/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - ES008146/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 ES008146/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 HD028792/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 HD29792/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R21 ES017055/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P01 HD052112/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R56 ES008146/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20130830
PL  - United States
TA  - Neuroscience
JT  - Neuroscience
JID - 7605074
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - 0 (Triglycerides)
RN  - 89750-14-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide 1)
RN  - TZP1275679 (3-Hydroxybutyric Acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid/blood
MH  - Adiposity/physiology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blood Glucose/metabolism
MH  - Body Weight/physiology
MH  - Cognition/*physiology
MH  - Conditioning, Classical/physiology
MH  - *Diet, Ketogenic/methods
MH  - Discrimination Learning
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Fasting/blood
MH  - Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/metabolism
MH  - Hippocampus/*physiology
MH  - Insulin/blood
MH  - Male
MH  - Obesity/chemically induced/*pathology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Triglycerides/blood
PMC - PMC3934926
MID - NIHMS521702
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ANOVA
OT  - BBB
OT  - BHB
OT  - DIO
OT  - DR
OT  - EDTA
OT  - FN
OT  - GLP-1
OT  - HE
OT  - KETO
OT  - PFC
OT  - Pavlovian
OT  - WD
OT  - Western diet
OT  - analysis of variance
OT  - beta-hydroxybutyrate
OT  - blood-brain barrier
OT  - dementia
OT  - diet resistant
OT  - diet-induced obese
OT  - energy regulation
OT  - ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
OT  - feature negative
OT  - glucagon-like peptide-1
OT  - high energy
OT  - ketogenic
OT  - ketogenic diet
OT  - memory
OT  - prefrontal cortex
OT  - saturated fat
EDAT- 2013/09/04 06:00
MHDA- 2014/06/20 06:00
PMCR- 2014/12/03
CRDT- 2013/09/04 06:00
PHST- 2013/07/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/08/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/08/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/09/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/09/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/06/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/12/03 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0306-4522(13)00732-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.08.044 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuroscience. 2013 Dec 3;253:110-22. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.08.044. 
      Epub 2013 Aug 30.