PMID- 24015700
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140203
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 1541-1087 (Electronic)
IS  - 0731-5724 (Linking)
VI  - 32
IP  - 1
DP  - 2013
TI  - Comparing effects of carbohydrate (CHO) blockers and trivalent chromium on 
      CHO-induced insulin resistance and elevated blood pressure in rats.
PG  - 58-65
LID - 10.1080/07315724.2013.770335 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: In Sprague-Dawley rats (SD), we compared two categories of natural 
      dietary supplements that influence carbohydrate (CHO) metabolism via different 
      basic mechanisms to ameliorate insulin resistance (IR) and elevated blood 
      pressure (BP) associated with heavy sugar/starch consumption. Two dietary 
      supplements (bean extract and l-arabinose) are often referred to as carb blockers 
      (CBs), because they slow the gastrointestinal absorption of CHO. Trivalent 
      chromium (CR) falls into a group of so-called insulin sensitizers, because its 
      major effect is to enhance peripheral insulin sensitivity. METHOD: We divided 48 
      mature male SD into 4 groups of 12. The first group received powdered baseline 
      diet alone (Con). The remaining 3 SD groups (groups 2-4) ingested regular rat 
      chow containing 20% w/w sucrose and 20% w/w rice starch. The second group 
      received only this CHO-enriched chow. To the high-CHO diets of the remaining two 
      groups, either CB to slow CHO absorption (CHO + CB) (group 3) or an insulin 
      sensitizer, trivalent CR (CHO + CR; group 4), was added. RESULTS: Compared to Con 
      group 1, adding high CHO content to the diet of group 2 significantly increased 
      circulating glucose levels and systolic BP (SBP). Addition of CB or CR to the 
      feed of groups 3 and 4 overcame the perturbations that occurred with high CHO 
      challenge in group 2; that is, they lowered circulating glucose concentrations to 
      Con levels, enhanced response to exogenous insulin, and overcame the gradual 
      elevation of SBP. Compared to group 2, the two treatment groups (3 and 4) also 
      showed decreased renin-angiotensin system activity, decreased serum 
      angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, and enhanced nitric oxide activity. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that high doses of CB and CR, despite their 
      different mechanisms of action, can completely overcome CHO-induced IR and BP 
      elevations. The data further suggest that CB and CR affect only the changes 
      brought on by heavy CHO ingestion, because IR and SBP in groups 3 and 4 mirrored 
      Con values (group 1), never producing values lower than baseline. Earlier use of 
      CB and CR in the life cycle appears more effective in overcoming CHO-induced 
      perturbations than later use.
FAU - Preuss, Harry G
AU  - Preuss HG
AD  - Georgetown University Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry, Washington, DC 
      20057, USA. preusshg@georgetown.edu
FAU - Echard, Bobby
AU  - Echard B
FAU - Bagchi, Debasis
AU  - Bagchi D
FAU - Perricone, Nicholas V
AU  - Perricone NV
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Am Coll Nutr
JT  - Journal of the American College of Nutrition
JID - 8215879
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Trace Elements)
RN  - 0R0008Q3JB (Chromium)
RN  - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide)
RN  - 57-50-1 (Sucrose)
RN  - 9005-25-8 (Starch)
RN  - EC 3.2.1.- (Amylases)
RN  - EC 3.2.1.48 (Sucrase)
RN  - EC 3.4.15.1 (Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amylases/*antagonists & inhibitors
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blood Glucose/metabolism
MH  - Blood Pressure/*drug effects
MH  - Chromium/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Diet
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/*blood
MH  - *Dietary Supplements
MH  - Hypertension/blood/prevention & control
MH  - *Insulin Resistance
MH  - Intestinal Absorption
MH  - Male
MH  - Nitric Oxide/metabolism
MH  - Oryza
MH  - Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/blood
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Renin-Angiotensin System
MH  - Starch/blood
MH  - Sucrase/*antagonists & inhibitors
MH  - Sucrose/blood
MH  - Trace Elements/pharmacology/therapeutic use
EDAT- 2013/09/11 06:00
MHDA- 2014/02/04 06:00
CRDT- 2013/09/11 06:00
PHST- 2013/09/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/09/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/02/04 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1080/07315724.2013.770335 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Am Coll Nutr. 2013;32(1):58-65. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2013.770335.