PMID- 24036901
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140529
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1473-5598 (Electronic)
IS  - 0263-6352 (Linking)
VI  - 31
IP  - 9
DP  - 2013 Sep
TI  - The association between smoking quantity and hypertension mediated by 
      inflammation in Chinese current smokers.
PG  - 1798-805
LID - 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328362c21a [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Previous studies indicated that cigarette smokers were more likely to 
      develop hypertension, and both smoking and hypertension were associated with 
      inflammation. Whether inflammation mediates the relationship of them is unclear. 
      This study aims to examine whether inflammation mediates the association between 
      smoking and hypertension. METHODS: Nine hundred and eighty-four Chinese current 
      smokers from a community-based chronic diseases survey in Guangzhou and Zhuhai 
      were interviewed about sociodemographics, smoking, chronic conditions, and other 
      health-related variables. Hypertension was defined according to 2007 European 
      Society of Hypertension and European Society of Cardiology (ESH-ESC) Practice 
      Guidelines. Inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 
      (IL)-6, IL-1beta, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis 
      factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were measured by 
      flow cytometry. Logistic regressions were performed to assess the mediation of 
      inflammation on the relationship between smoking quantity and hypertension. 
      RESULTS: We observed a positive association between smoking quantity and 
      hypertension (P<0.05). After controlling for potential confounders, daily 
      cigarette consumption was significantly associated with higher level of CRP and 
      VCAM-1 and lower level of TNF-alpha among six measured inflammatory markers, and the 
      current smokers with hypertension had significantly higher level of MCP-1 and CRP 
      than those smokers who were normotensive. Furthermore, the association between 
      smoking quantity and hypertension was mediated by CRP, which accounted for 58.59% 
      of the estimated causal effect of smoking on hypertension. CONCLUSION: We have 
      confirmed previous observations that smoking quantity was positively associated 
      with hypertension, and the results of our study suggested that the association 
      between smoking and hypertension was probably mediated by CRP.
FAU - Feng, Dan
AU  - Feng D
AD  - aDepartment of Preventive Medicine bDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology 
      cExperimental Centre, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 
      China *Dan Feng and Tao Liu contributed equally to the writing of the article.
FAU - Liu, Tao
AU  - Liu T
FAU - Su, Dong-Fang
AU  - Su DF
FAU - Wang, Hui
AU  - Wang H
FAU - Ding, Peng
AU  - Ding P
FAU - He, Yan-Hui
AU  - He YH
FAU - Deng, Xue-Qing
AU  - Deng XQ
FAU - Hou, Meng-Jun
AU  - Hou MJ
FAU - Ling, Wen-Hua
AU  - Ling WH
FAU - Chen, Wei-Qing
AU  - Chen WQ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Hypertens
JT  - Journal of hypertension
JID - 8306882
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (CCL2 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Chemokine CCL2)
RN  - 0 (IL6 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-1beta)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-6)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
RN  - 0 (Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1)
RN  - 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Alcohol Drinking
MH  - Asian People
MH  - Biomarkers/metabolism
MH  - C-Reactive Protein/metabolism
MH  - Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
MH  - China
MH  - Female
MH  - Flow Cytometry
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypertension/*complications/physiopathology
MH  - Inflammation/*pathology
MH  - Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
MH  - Interleukin-6/metabolism
MH  - Logistic Models
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Smoking/*adverse effects
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
MH  - Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
EDAT- 2013/09/17 06:00
MHDA- 2014/05/30 06:00
CRDT- 2013/09/17 06:00
PHST- 2013/09/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/09/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/05/30 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328362c21a [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Hypertens. 2013 Sep;31(9):1798-805. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328362c21a.