PMID- 24053648
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140512
LR  - 20131023
IS  - 1944-0057 (Electronic)
IS  - 1944-0057 (Linking)
VI  - 30
IP  - 11
DP  - 2013
TI  - Developing a microbiological growth inhibition screening assay for the detection 
      of 27 veterinary drugs from 13 different classes in animal feedingstuffs.
PG  - 1870-87
LID - 10.1080/19440049.2013.832400 [doi]
AB  - Many regulations prohibit using veterinary drugs in feedingstuffs to protect 
      consumers and animals alike. Within this investigation we developed a simple, 
      cost-efficient primary screening method for detecting antibiotics and 
      coccidiostats in animal feeds. Thirty-two veterinary drugs were originally 
      considered. Following matrix-free testing to optimise detection, an assay based 
      on matrix extraction with methanol/acetonitrile/phosphate buffer followed by 
      inoculation and diffusion in agar plates was developed. Final validation was 
      performed with 14 representative drugs (one per drug class) and four bacteria 
      (Escherichia coli ATCC11303 and ATCC27166, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538P, 
      Micrococcus luteus ATCC9341) in bovine, lamb and swine fodder, measuring growth 
      inhibition zones. Of the original drugs tested, 27 remained detectable in feed 
      matrices at or below 20 mg kg(-1). Of the 14 validated representatives, two had 
      estimated minimum detectable concentrations of 10-11 mg kg(-1), others of 
      5 mg kg(-1) or lower, an earlier minimum European Union inclusion rate for many 
      veterinary drugs. No significant matrix effect on inhibition zones was detected. 
      Per cent wrong negative deviations ranged from 0% (nine of 14 compounds) to 
      20-27% (two of 14), while inter-day precision based on inhibition zones had 
      relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 6-109% (mean of 40%). When setting a 1 mm 
      inhibition zone, the maximum observed for negative controls, as a cut-off level, 
      no false-positives were found. While not all targeted antibiotics were detectable 
      in complex matrices, the majority of veterinary drugs were detected with 
      reasonable sensitivity, indicating that this method could be suitable for 
      screening feedingstuffs prior to further confirmatory investigation of positive 
      findings such as by LC-MS/MS.
FAU - Bohn, Torsten
AU  - Bohn T
AD  - a Environment and Agro-biotechnologies Department , Centre de Recherche Public - 
      Gabriel Lippmann , Belvaux , Luxembourg.
FAU - Pellet, Terence
AU  - Pellet T
FAU - Boscher, Aurore
AU  - Boscher A
FAU - Hoffmann, Lucien
AU  - Hoffmann L
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130923
PL  - England
TA  - Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess
JT  - Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & 
      risk assessment
JID - 101485040
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Coccidiostats)
RN  - 0 (Veterinary Drugs)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animal Feed/*analysis
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*analysis
MH  - Cattle
MH  - Coccidiostats/*analysis
MH  - Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests/*methods
MH  - Drug Residues
MH  - European Union
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Sheep
MH  - Swine
MH  - Veterinary Drugs/*analysis
EDAT- 2013/09/24 06:00
MHDA- 2014/05/13 06:00
CRDT- 2013/09/24 06:00
PHST- 2013/09/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/09/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/05/13 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1080/19440049.2013.832400 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2013;30(11):1870-87. 
      doi: 10.1080/19440049.2013.832400. Epub 2013 Sep 23.