PMID- 24053941
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140808
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1879-1298 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 94
DP  - 2014 Jan
TI  - The effects of fuel composition and ammonium sulfate addition on PCDD, PCDF, PCN 
      and PCB concentrations during the combustion of biomass and paper production 
      residuals.
PG  - 20-6
LID - S0045-6535(13)01175-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.059 [doi]
AB  - The use of waste wood as an energy carrier has increased during the last decade. 
      However, the higher levels of alkali metals and chlorine in waste wood compared 
      to virgin biomass can promote the formation of deposits and organic pollutants. 
      Here, the effect of fuel composition and the inhibitory effects of ammonium 
      sulfate, (NH4)2SO4, on the concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) 
      in the flue gas of a lab-scale combustor was investigated. Ammonium sulfate is 
      often used as a corrosion-preventing additive and may also inhibit formation of 
      polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs). In addition 
      to PCDDs and PCDFs, polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCN) and biphenyls (PCB) were 
      also analyzed. It was found that the flue gas composition changed dramatically 
      when (NH4)2SO4 was added: CO, SO2, and NH3 levels increased, while those of HCl 
      decreased to almost zero. However, the additive's effects on POP formation were 
      less pronounced. When (NH4)2SO4 was added to give an S:Cl ratio of 3, only the 
      PCDF concentration was reduced, indicating that this ratio was not sufficient to 
      achieve a general reduction in POP emissions. Conversely, at an S:Cl ratio of 6, 
      significant reductions in the WHO-TEQ value and the PCDD and PCDF contents of the 
      flue gas were observed. The effect on the PCDF concentration was especially 
      pronounced. PCN formation seemed to be promoted by the elevated CO concentrations 
      caused by adding (NH4)2SO4.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
FAU - Lundin, Lisa
AU  - Lundin L
AD  - Umea University, Department of Chemistry, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden. Electronic 
      address: lisa.lundin@chem.umu.se.
FAU - Jansson, Stina
AU  - Jansson S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130918
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Benzofurans)
RN  - 0 (Biofuels)
RN  - 0 (Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Naphthalenes)
RN  - 0 (Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
RN  - SU46BAM238 (Ammonium Sulfate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Air Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Ammonium Sulfate/*chemistry
MH  - Benzofurans/*analysis
MH  - Biofuels
MH  - Biomass
MH  - Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated
MH  - Incineration/*methods
MH  - Naphthalenes/*analysis
MH  - Paper
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/*analysis
MH  - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/*analogs & derivatives/analysis
MH  - Wood
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Biomass
OT  - Combustion
OT  - DWW
OT  - Demolition waste wood
OT  - Design of Experiments
OT  - DoE
OT  - Inhibition
OT  - PCB
OT  - PCDD/F
OT  - PCN
OT  - PR
OT  - Paper reject
EDAT- 2013/09/24 06:00
MHDA- 2014/08/13 06:00
CRDT- 2013/09/24 06:00
PHST- 2013/03/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/08/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/08/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/09/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/09/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/08/13 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0045-6535(13)01175-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.059 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2014 Jan;94:20-6. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.059. Epub 2013 
      Sep 18.