PMID- 24056058
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140812
LR  - 20131204
IS  - 1873-3441 (Electronic)
IS  - 0939-6411 (Linking)
VI  - 85
IP  - 3 Pt B
DP  - 2013 Nov
TI  - Quantitative on-line vs. off-line NIR analysis of fluidized bed drying with 
      consideration of the spectral background.
PG  - 1064-74
LID - S0939-6411(13)00305-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.09.012 [doi]
AB  - Quantitative dehydration studies of dibasic calcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) in 
      a small-scale cold-model fluidized bed dryer with process air control were 
      conducted. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with partial least squares 
      regression (PLSR) was used to predict DCPAs' residual moisture content. 
      Loss-on-drying (LOD) was employed as a reference method and confirmed the actual 
      moisture content of DCPA. First, dynamic PLSR modeling was carried out, i.e., the 
      NIR spectra were on-line recorded and predicted throughout the drying process. 
      Secondly, PLSR off-line modeling was performed, i.e., samples were consecutively 
      thief-probed from the processor, put into glass vials and analyzed off-line. 
      Furthermore, two background spectra were collected prior to the in- and off-line 
      measurements in an attempt to increase the method's sensitivity, i.e., (i) dry 
      DCPA that was fluidized at respective process air velocity (on-line) or inside a 
      glass vial (off-line) and (ii) Spectralon(R)--a highly reflecting standard 
      reference material made of fluoropolymer. Benefits and drawbacks of the in- and 
      off-line approaches with different spectral backgrounds are discussed in detail. 
      The results indicated that (i) the thief-probed sample amount from the processor 
      and thus the sample weight and (ii) the downtime between thief-probing a sample 
      and its actual analysis via NIRS and LOD can bias the moisture content 
      predictions.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Heigl, Nicolas
AU  - Heigl N
AD  - Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering, Graz, Austria.
FAU - Koller, Daniel M
AU  - Koller DM
FAU - Glasser, Benjamin J
AU  - Glasser BJ
FAU - Muzzio, Fernando J
AU  - Muzzio FJ
FAU - Khinast, Johannes G
AU  - Khinast JG
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20130918
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Eur J Pharm Biopharm
JT  - European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of 
      Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V
JID - 9109778
RN  - 0 (Buffers)
RN  - 0 (Calcium Phosphates)
RN  - 0 (Excipients)
RN  - 059QF0KO0R (Water)
RN  - 9011-14-7 (Polymethyl Methacrylate)
RN  - 97Z1WI3NDX (calcium phosphate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Air
MH  - Buffers
MH  - Calcium Phosphates/*chemistry
MH  - Calibration
MH  - Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods
MH  - Excipients/chemistry
MH  - Least-Squares Analysis
MH  - Multivariate Analysis
MH  - Polymethyl Methacrylate/chemistry
MH  - Reference Values
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Software
MH  - Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/*methods
MH  - Technology, Pharmaceutical/*instrumentation/methods
MH  - Temperature
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Water/chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Dibasic calcium phosphate anhydrous
OT  - Fluidized bed
OT  - Near-infrared spectroscopy
OT  - Off-line
OT  - On-line
OT  - Partial least squares regression
OT  - Spectral background
EDAT- 2013/09/24 06:00
MHDA- 2014/08/13 06:00
CRDT- 2013/09/24 06:00
PHST- 2012/12/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/08/23 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/09/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/09/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/09/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/08/13 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0939-6411(13)00305-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.09.012 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2013 Nov;85(3 Pt B):1064-74. doi: 
      10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.09.012. Epub 2013 Sep 18.