PMID- 24064380
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140421
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1873-6750 (Electronic)
IS  - 0160-4120 (Linking)
VI  - 60
DP  - 2013 Oct
TI  - Relative effects of educational level and occupational social class on body 
      concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in a representative sample of the 
      general population of Catalonia, Spain.
PG  - 190-201
LID - S0160-4120(13)00164-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envint.2013.08.001 [doi]
AB  - Scant evidence is available worldwide on the relative influence of occupational 
      social class and educational level on body concentrations of persistent organic 
      pollutants (POPs) in the general population. The objective was to analyse such 
      influence in a representative sample of the general population of Catalonia, 
      Spain. Participants in the Catalan Health Interview Survey aged 18-74 were 
      interviewed face-to-face, gave blood, and underwent a physical exam. The role of 
      age, body mass index (BMI), and parity was analysed with General Linear Models, 
      and adjusted geometric means (GMs) were obtained. Crude (unadjusted) 
      concentrations were higher in women and men with lower education, and in women, 
      but not men, in the less affluent social class. After adjusting for age, in women 
      there were no associations between POP levels and social class or education. 
      After adjusting for age and BMI, men in the less affluent class had higher 
      p,p'-DDE concentrations than men in class I (p-value=0.016), while men in class 
      IV had lower HCB than men in the upper class (p-value<0.03). Also in contrast 
      with some expectations, positive associations between education and POP levels 
      were observed after adjusting for age and BMI in men; e.g., men with university 
      studies had higher HCB concentrations than men with first stage of primary 
      schooling (adjusted GM 153.9 and 80.5ng/g, respectively) (p-value<0.001). When 
      education and social class were co-adjusted for, some positive associations with 
      education in men remained statistically significant, whereas class remained 
      associated only with p,p'-DDE. Educational level influenced blood concentrations 
      of POPs more than occupational social class, especially in men. In women, POP 
      concentrations were mainly explained by age/birth cohort, parity and BMI. In men, 
      while concentrations were also mainly explained by age/birth cohort and BMI, both 
      social class and education showed positive associations. Important 
      characteristics of socioeconomic groups as age and BMI may largely explain crude 
      differences among such groups in internal contamination by POPs. The absence of 
      clear patterns of relationships between blood concentrations of POPs and 
      indicators of socioeconomic position may fundamentally be due to the widespread, 
      lifelong, and generally invisible contamination of human food webs. Decreasing 
      historical trends would also partly explain crude socioeconomic differences 
      apparently due to birth cohort effects.
CI  - (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Gasull, Magda
AU  - Gasull M
AD  - Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research-IMIM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; 
      CIBER en Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Spain.
FAU - Pumarega, Jose
AU  - Pumarega J
FAU - Rovira, Gemma
AU  - Rovira G
FAU - Lopez, Tomas
AU  - Lopez T
FAU - Alguacil, Juan
AU  - Alguacil J
FAU - Porta, Miquel
AU  - Porta M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130921
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Int
JT  - Environment international
JID - 7807270
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 4M7FS82U08 (Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - Body Mass Index
MH  - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood
MH  - *Educational Status
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/*blood
MH  - Female
MH  - Food Chain
MH  - Food Contamination/analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Models, Statistical
MH  - Parity
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/blood
MH  - Population Surveillance
MH  - Sex Factors
MH  - *Social Class
MH  - Socioeconomic Factors
MH  - Spain
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Ageing
OT  - BMI
OT  - CHIS
OT  - CI
OT  - Catalan Health Interview Survey
OT  - DDE
OT  - DDT
OT  - Educational level
OT  - GM
OT  - HCB
OT  - HCH
OT  - Health survey
OT  - Hospital del Mar Research Institute
OT  - IMIM
OT  - Occupational social class
OT  - PCBs
OT  - POPs
OT  - Parity
OT  - PeCB
OT  - Persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
OT  - Primary (I)
OT  - Primary (II)
OT  - WFE
OT  - body mass index
OT  - confidence interval
OT  - dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene
OT  - dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
OT  - geometric mean
OT  - hexachlorobenzene
OT  - hexachlorocyclohexane
OT  - pentachlorobenzene
OT  - persistent organic pollutants
OT  - polychlorinated biphenyls
OT  - primary schooling (1st stage)
OT  - primary schooling (2nd stage)
OT  - without formal education
EDAT- 2013/09/26 06:00
MHDA- 2014/04/22 06:00
CRDT- 2013/09/26 06:00
PHST- 2013/03/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/07/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/08/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/09/26 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/09/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/04/22 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0160-4120(13)00164-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envint.2013.08.001 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Int. 2013 Oct;60:190-201. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.08.001. Epub 2013 
      Sep 21.