PMID- 24067444
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140917
LR  - 20240413
IS  - 2150-5608 (Electronic)
IS  - 2150-5594 (Print)
IS  - 2150-5594 (Linking)
VI  - 4
IP  - 8
DP  - 2013 Nov 15
TI  - Can biowarfare agents be defeated with light?
PG  - 796-825
LID - 10.4161/viru.26475 [doi]
AB  - Biological warfare and bioterrorism is an unpleasant fact of 21st century life. 
      Highly infectious and profoundly virulent diseases may be caused in combat 
      personnel or in civilian populations by the appropriate dissemination of viruses, 
      bacteria, spores, fungi, or toxins. Dissemination may be airborne, waterborne, or 
      by contamination of food or surfaces. Countermeasures may be directed toward 
      destroying or neutralizing the agents outside the body before infection has taken 
      place, by destroying the agents once they have entered the body before the 
      disease has fully developed, or by immunizing susceptible populations against the 
      effects. A range of light-based technologies may have a role to play in 
      biodefense countermeasures. Germicidal UV (UVC) is exceptionally active in 
      destroying a wide range of viruses and microbial cells, and recent data suggests 
      that UVC has high selectivity over host mammalian cells and tissues. Two UVA 
      mediated approaches may also have roles to play; one where UVA is combined with 
      titanium dioxide nanoparticles in a process called photocatalysis, and a second 
      where UVA is combined with psoralens (PUVA) to produce "killed but metabolically 
      active" microbial cells that may be particularly suitable for vaccines. Many 
      microbial cells are surprisingly sensitive to blue light alone, and blue light 
      can effectively destroy bacteria, fungi, and Bacillus spores and can treat wound 
      infections. The combination of photosensitizing dyes such as porphyrins or 
      phenothiaziniums and red light is called photodynamic therapy (PDT) or 
      photoinactivation, and this approach cannot only kill bacteria, spores, and 
      fungi, but also inactivate viruses and toxins. Many reports have highlighted the 
      ability of PDT to treat infections and stimulate the host immune system. Finally 
      pulsed (femtosecond) high power lasers have been used to inactivate pathogens 
      with some degree of selectivity. We have pointed to some of the ways light-based 
      technology may be used to defeat biological warfare in the future.
FAU - Vatansever, Fatma
AU  - Vatansever F
AD  - Wellman Center for Photomedicine; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA; 
      Harvard Medical School; Department of Dermatology; Boston, MA USA.
FAU - Ferraresi, Cleber
AU  - Ferraresi C
AD  - Wellman Center for Photomedicine; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA; 
      Laboratory of Electro-thermo-phototherapy; Department of Physical Therapy; 
      Federal University of Sao Carlos; Sao Paulo, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in 
      Biotechnology; Federal University of Sao Carlos; Sao Paulo, Brazil; Optics Group; 
      Physics Institute of Sao Carlos; University of Sao Paulo; Sao Carlos, Brazil.
FAU - de Sousa, Marcelo Victor Pires
AU  - de Sousa MV
AD  - Wellman Center for Photomedicine; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA; 
      Laboratory of Radiation Dosimetry and Medical Physics; Institute of Physics, Sao 
      Paulo University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
FAU - Yin, Rui
AU  - Yin R
AD  - Wellman Center for Photomedicine; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA; 
      Harvard Medical School; Department of Dermatology; Boston, MA USA; Department of 
      Dermatology; Southwest Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing, PR 
      China.
FAU - Rineh, Ardeshir
AU  - Rineh A
AD  - Wellman Center for Photomedicine; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA; 
      School of Chemistry; University of Wollongong; Wollongong, NSW Australia.
FAU - Sharma, Sulbha K
AU  - Sharma SK
AD  - Wellman Center for Photomedicine; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA; 
      Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology; Indore, India.
FAU - Hamblin, Michael R
AU  - Hamblin MR
AD  - Wellman Center for Photomedicine; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA; 
      Harvard Medical School; Department of Dermatology; Boston, MA USA; Harvard-MIT 
      Division of Health Sciences and Technology; Cambridge, MA USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AI050875/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01AI050875/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Review
DEP - 20130925
PL  - United States
TA  - Virulence
JT  - Virulence
JID - 101531386
RN  - 0 (Biological Warfare Agents)
RN  - 0 (Photosensitizing Agents)
RN  - 0 (Toxins, Biological)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacteria/*radiation effects
MH  - *Biological Warfare Agents
MH  - Fungi/physiology/*radiation effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Light
MH  - Microbial Viability/radiation effects
MH  - Photochemotherapy/methods
MH  - Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology/radiation effects
MH  - Toxins, Biological/*radiation effects/toxicity
MH  - *Ultraviolet Rays
MH  - Viruses/*radiation effects
PMC - PMC3925713
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - UV dosimeters
OT  - bioterrorism
OT  - biowarfare
OT  - blue light inactivation
OT  - germicidal ultraviolet
OT  - microbial cells
OT  - photo inactivation
OT  - photocatalysis
OT  - photocatalytic inactivation
OT  - photodynamic therapy
OT  - psorales
OT  - titanium dioxide
OT  - ultraviolet light
EDAT- 2013/09/27 06:00
MHDA- 2014/09/18 06:00
PMCR- 2013/09/25
CRDT- 2013/09/27 06:00
PHST- 2013/09/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/09/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/09/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2013/09/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 26475 [pii]
AID - 2012VIRULENCE0118R [pii]
AID - 10.4161/viru.26475 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Virulence. 2013 Nov 15;4(8):796-825. doi: 10.4161/viru.26475. Epub 2013 Sep 25.