PMID- 24073203
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140527
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 9
DP  - 2013
TI  - Molecular evolution of enterovirus 68 detected in the Philippines.
PG  - e74221
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0074221 [doi]
LID - e74221
AB  - BACKGROUND: Detection of Enterovirus 68 (EV68) has recently been increased. 
      However, underlying evolutionary mechanism of this increasing trend is not fully 
      understood. METHODS: Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 5,240 patients with 
      acute respiratory infections in the Philippines from June 2009 to December 2011. 
      EV68 was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting for 5' 
      untranslated region (5'UTR), viral protein 1 (VP1), and VP4/VP2. Phylogenetic 
      trees were generated using the obtained sequences. RESULTS: Of the 5,240 tested 
      samples, 12 EV68 positive cases were detected between August and December in 2011 
      (detection rate, 0.23%). The detection rate was higher among inpatients than 
      outpatients (p<0.0001). Among VP1 sequences detected from 7 patients in 2011, 5 
      in lineage 2 were diverged from those detected in the Philippines in 2008, 
      however, 2 in lineage 3 were not diverged from strains detected in the 
      Philippines in 2008 but closely associated with strains detected in the United 
      States. Combined with our previous report, EV68 occurrences were observed twice 
      in the Philippines within the last four years. CONCLUSIONS: EV68 detections might 
      be occurring in cyclic patterns, and viruses might have been maintained in the 
      community while some strains might have been newly introduced.
FAU - Imamura, Tadatsugu
AU  - Imamura T
AD  - Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
FAU - Suzuki, Akira
AU  - Suzuki A
FAU - Lupisan, Socorro
AU  - Lupisan S
FAU - Okamoto, Michiko
AU  - Okamoto M
FAU - Aniceto, Rapunzel
AU  - Aniceto R
FAU - Egos, Rutchie J
AU  - Egos RJ
FAU - Daya, Edgardo E
AU  - Daya EE
FAU - Tamaki, Raita
AU  - Tamaki R
FAU - Saito, Mariko
AU  - Saito M
FAU - Fuji, Naoko
AU  - Fuji N
FAU - Roy, Chandra Nath
AU  - Roy CN
FAU - Opinion, Jaime M
AU  - Opinion JM
FAU - Santo, Arlene V
AU  - Santo AV
FAU - Macalalad, Noel G
AU  - Macalalad NG
FAU - Tandoc, Amado 3rd
AU  - Tandoc A 3rd
FAU - Sombrero, Lydia
AU  - Sombrero L
FAU - Olveda, Remigio
AU  - Olveda R
FAU - Oshitani, Hitoshi
AU  - Oshitani H
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF081348
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130920
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (5' Untranslated Regions)
RN  - 0 (Capsid Proteins)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - 5' Untranslated Regions
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Bayes Theorem
MH  - Capsid Proteins/*genetics
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - DNA, Viral/*genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Enterovirus/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Enterovirus Infections/*diagnosis/genetics/virology
MH  - *Evolution, Molecular
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Philippines
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC3779236
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2013/09/28 06:00
MHDA- 2014/05/28 06:00
PMCR- 2013/09/20
CRDT- 2013/09/28 06:00
PHST- 2013/05/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/07/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/09/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/09/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/05/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2013/09/20 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-13-19263 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0074221 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2013 Sep 20;8(9):e74221. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074221. eCollection 
      2013.