PMID- 24107128
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150416
LR  - 20140617
IS  - 1476-4954 (Electronic)
IS  - 1476-4954 (Linking)
VI  - 27
IP  - 11
DP  - 2014 Jul
TI  - Effect of mode of delivery on macronutrient content of breast milk.
PG  - 1099-102
LID - 10.3109/14767058.2013.850486 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of delivery type on macronutrient content of 
      colostral milk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted at Zekai Tahir 
      Burak Maternity Teaching Hospital. Colostral milk samples from term lactating 
      mothers who gave birth by vaginal or cesarean delivery (CD) were obtained on the 
      2nd postpartum day. Milk protein, fat, carbohydrate (CHO) and energy levels were 
      measured by using a mid-infrared human milk analyzer. RESULTS: A total of 204 
      term lactating mothers were recruited to the study; 111 mothers gave birth by 
      vaginal route and 93 mothers by CD. Protein levels were statistically lower in 
      colostral milk of mothers after CD compared to mothers who delivered vaginally 
      (median 2.4 (range 0.3-6.4) g/dl versus 3 (0.5-6.3) g/dl, respectively; 
      p = 0.036). Colostral fat, CHO and energy levels were similar between groups. In 
      linear regression analysis, CD and maternal age were independently associated 
      with lower protein content in colostrum. CONCLUSION: Vaginal delivery is 
      associated with higher colostrum protein content. Hormonal activity induced by 
      labor pain and uterine contractions might account for the alterations in the 
      protein composition of human milk to facilitate optimal development of important 
      physiologic functions in newborns.
FAU - Dizdar, Evrim Alyamac
AU  - Dizdar EA
AD  - Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Teaching Hospital , 
      Ankara , Turkey and.
FAU - Sari, Fatma Nur
AU  - Sari FN
FAU - Degirmencioglu, Halil
AU  - Degirmencioglu H
FAU - Canpolat, Fuat Emre
AU  - Canpolat FE
FAU - Oguz, Serife Suna
AU  - Oguz SS
FAU - Uras, Nurdan
AU  - Uras N
FAU - Dilmen, Ugur
AU  - Dilmen U
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20131024
PL  - England
TA  - J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med
JT  - The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the 
      European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania 
      Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
JID - 101136916
RN  - 0 (Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Lipids)
RN  - 0 (Milk Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Carbohydrates/*analysis
MH  - Colostrum/chemistry
MH  - Delivery, Obstetric/*methods/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Lactation/metabolism
MH  - Lipids/*analysis
MH  - Milk Proteins/*analysis/metabolism
MH  - Milk, Human/*chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Breast milk
OT  - colostrum
OT  - delivery mode
OT  - milk composition
EDAT- 2013/10/11 06:00
MHDA- 2015/04/17 06:00
CRDT- 2013/10/11 06:00
PHST- 2013/10/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/10/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/04/17 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.3109/14767058.2013.850486 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2014 Jul;27(11):1099-102. doi: 
      10.3109/14767058.2013.850486. Epub 2013 Oct 24.