PMID- 24140431
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140722
LR  - 20220330
IS  - 1872-9754 (Electronic)
IS  - 0197-0186 (Print)
IS  - 0197-0186 (Linking)
VI  - 63
IP  - 8
DP  - 2013 Dec
TI  - Prebiotic feeding elevates central brain derived neurotrophic factor, 
      N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits and D-serine.
PG  - 756-64
LID - S0197-0186(13)00262-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.10.006 [doi]
AB  - The influence of the gut microbiota on brain chemistry has been convincingly 
      demonstrated in rodents. In the absence of gut bacteria, the central expression 
      of brain derived neurotropic factor, (BDNF), and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 
      (NMDAR) subunits are reduced, whereas, oral probiotics increase brain BDNF, and 
      impart significant anxiolytic effects. We tested whether prebiotic compounds, 
      which increase intrinsic enteric microbiota, also affected brain BDNF and NMDARs. 
      In addition, we examined whether plasma from prebiotic treated rats released BDNF 
      from human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, to provide an initial indication of 
      mechanism of action. Rats were gavaged with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), 
      galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) or water for five weeks, prior to measurements of 
      brain BDNF, NMDAR subunits and amino acids associated with glutamate 
      neurotransmission (glutamate, glutamine, and serine and alanine enantiomers). 
      Prebiotics increased hippocampal BDNF and NR1 subunit expression relative to 
      controls. The intake of GOS also increased hippocampal NR2A subunits, and frontal 
      cortex NR1 and d-serine. Prebiotics did not alter glutamate, glutamine, l-serine, 
      l-alanine or d-alanine concentrations in the brain, though GOSfeeding raised 
      plasma d-alanine. Elevated levels of plasma peptide YY (PYY) after GOS intake was 
      observed. Plasma from GOS rats increased the release of BDNF from SH-SY5Y cells, 
      but not in the presence of PYY antisera. The addition of synthetic PYY to SH-SY5Y 
      cell cultures, also elevated BDNF secretion. We conclude that prebiotic-mediated 
      proliferation of gut microbiota in rats, like probiotics, increases brain BDNF 
      expression, possibly through the involvement of gut hormones. The effect of GOS 
      on components of central NMDAR signalling was greater than FOS, and may reflect 
      the proliferative potency of GOS on microbiota. Our data therefore, provide a 
      sound basis to further investigate the utility of prebiotics in the maintenance 
      of brain health and adjunctive treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
FAU - Savignac, Helene M
AU  - Savignac HM
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 
      7JX, UK.
FAU - Corona, Giulia
AU  - Corona G
FAU - Mills, Henrietta
AU  - Mills H
FAU - Chen, Li
AU  - Chen L
FAU - Spencer, Jeremy P E
AU  - Spencer JP
FAU - Tzortzis, George
AU  - Tzortzis G
FAU - Burnet, Philip W J
AU  - Burnet PW
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20131016
PL  - England
TA  - Neurochem Int
JT  - Neurochemistry international
JID - 8006959
RN  - 0 (Amino Acids)
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 0 (Prebiotics)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate)
RN  - 452VLY9402 (Serine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acids/blood/metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bifidobacterium/isolation & purification
MH  - Body Weight
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/*metabolism
MH  - Cell Line, Tumor
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MH  - Feces/microbiology
MH  - Frontal Lobe/metabolism
MH  - Hippocampus/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - *Prebiotics
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*metabolism
MH  - Serine/*metabolism
PMC - PMC3858812
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Amino acids
OT  - Bifidobacteria
OT  - Dentate gyrus
OT  - Glutamate
OT  - HPLC
OT  - Western blot
EDAT- 2013/10/22 06:00
MHDA- 2014/07/23 06:00
PMCR- 2013/12/01
CRDT- 2013/10/22 06:00
PHST- 2013/07/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/09/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/10/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/10/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/10/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/07/23 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2013/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0197-0186(13)00262-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.10.006 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neurochem Int. 2013 Dec;63(8):756-64. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.10.006. Epub 
      2013 Oct 16.