PMID- 24149084
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140910
LR  - 20220321
IS  - 1552-9924 (Electronic)
IS  - 0091-6765 (Print)
IS  - 0091-6765 (Linking)
VI  - 122
IP  - 1
DP  - 2014 Jan
TI  - Air pollution and respiratory infections during early childhood: an analysis of 
      10 European birth cohorts within the ESCAPE Project.
PG  - 107-13
LID - 10.1289/ehp.1306755 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated traffic-related air pollution as a risk 
      factor for respiratory infections during early childhood. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to 
      investigate the association between air pollution and pneumonia, croup, and 
      otitis media in 10 European birth cohorts--BAMSE (Sweden), GASPII (Italy), 
      GINIplus and LISAplus (Germany), MAAS (United Kingdom), PIAMA (the Netherlands), 
      and four INMA cohorts (Spain)--and to derive combined effect estimates using 
      meta-analysis. METHODS: Parent report of physician-diagnosed pneumonia, otitis 
      media, and croup during early childhood were assessed in relation to annual 
      average pollutant levels [nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx), 
      particulate matter</=2.5 mum (PM2.5), PM2.5 absorbance, PM10, PM2.5-10 (coarse PM)], 
      which were estimated using land use regression models and assigned to children 
      based on their residential address at birth. Identical protocols were used to 
      develop regression models for each study area as part of the ESCAPE project. 
      Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted effect estimates for each 
      study, and random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate combined estimates. 
      RESULTS: For pneumonia, combined adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were elevated and 
      statistically significant for all pollutants except PM2.5 (e.g., OR=1.30; 95% CI: 
      1.02, 1.65 per 10-mug/m3 increase in NO2 and OR=1.76; 95% CI: 1.00, 3.09 per 
      10-mug/m3 PM10). For otitis media and croup, results were generally null across 
      all analyses except for NO2 and otitis media (OR=1.09; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.16 per 
      10-mug/m3). CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis of 10 European birth cohorts within the 
      ESCAPE project found consistent evidence for an association between air pollution 
      and pneumonia in early childhood, and some evidence for an association with 
      otitis media.
FAU - MacIntyre, Elaina A
AU  - MacIntyre EA
AD  - Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Centre 
      for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.
FAU - Gehring, Ulrike
AU  - Gehring U
FAU - Molter, Anna
AU  - Molter A
FAU - Fuertes, Elaine
AU  - Fuertes E
FAU - Klumper, Claudia
AU  - Klumper C
FAU - Kramer, Ursula
AU  - Kramer U
FAU - Quass, Ulrich
AU  - Quass U
FAU - Hoffmann, Barbara
AU  - Hoffmann B
FAU - Gascon, Mireia
AU  - Gascon M
FAU - Brunekreef, Bert
AU  - Brunekreef B
FAU - Koppelman, Gerard H
AU  - Koppelman GH
FAU - Beelen, Rob
AU  - Beelen R
FAU - Hoek, Gerard
AU  - Hoek G
FAU - Birk, Matthias
AU  - Birk M
FAU - de Jongste, Johan C
AU  - de Jongste JC
FAU - Smit, H A
AU  - Smit HA
FAU - Cyrys, Josef
AU  - Cyrys J
FAU - Gruzieva, Olena
AU  - Gruzieva O
FAU - Korek, Michal
AU  - Korek M
FAU - Bergstrom, Anna
AU  - Bergstrom A
FAU - Agius, Raymond M
AU  - Agius RM
FAU - de Vocht, Frank
AU  - de Vocht F
FAU - Simpson, Angela
AU  - Simpson A
FAU - Porta, Daniela
AU  - Porta D
FAU - Forastiere, Francesco
AU  - Forastiere F
FAU - Badaloni, Chiara
AU  - Badaloni C
FAU - Cesaroni, Giulia
AU  - Cesaroni G
FAU - Esplugues, Ana
AU  - Esplugues A
FAU - Fernandez-Somoano, Ana
AU  - Fernandez-Somoano A
FAU - Lerxundi, Aitana
AU  - Lerxundi A
FAU - Sunyer, Jordi
AU  - Sunyer J
FAU - Cirach, Marta
AU  - Cirach M
FAU - Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J
AU  - Nieuwenhuijsen MJ
FAU - Pershagen, Goran
AU  - Pershagen G
FAU - Heinrich, Joachim
AU  - Heinrich J
LA  - eng
GR  - G0601361/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20131022
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Health Perspect
JT  - Environmental health perspectives
JID - 0330411
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Particulate Matter)
SB  - IM
EIN - Environ Health Perspect. 2014 Jan;122(1):112
MH  - Air Pollutants/toxicity
MH  - Air Pollution/*adverse effects
MH  - Environmental Exposure/adverse effects
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Models, Theoretical
MH  - Otitis Media/chemically induced/epidemiology
MH  - Particulate Matter/toxicity
MH  - Pneumonia/chemically induced/epidemiology
MH  - Respiratory Tract Infections/*chemically induced/*epidemiology
PMC - PMC3888562
COIS- The authors declare they have no actual or potential competing financial 
      interests.
EDAT- 2013/10/24 06:00
MHDA- 2014/09/11 06:00
PMCR- 2014/01/01
CRDT- 2013/10/24 06:00
PHST- 2013/03/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/09/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/10/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/10/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/09/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ehp.1306755 [pii]
AID - 10.1289/ehp.1306755 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Health Perspect. 2014 Jan;122(1):107-13. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1306755. Epub 
      2013 Oct 22.