PMID- 24149620
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140502
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 2041-1723 (Electronic)
IS  - 2041-1723 (Linking)
VI  - 4
DP  - 2013
TI  - Perpetual expression of PAMPs necessary for optimal immune control and clearance 
      of a persistent pathogen.
PG  - 2616
LID - 10.1038/ncomms3616 [doi]
AB  - Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are known to be fundamental in 
      instigating immune responses, but their role in influencing these responses 
      beyond their initiation is less well understood. Here, using the protozoan 
      parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which is deficient in strong PAMPs, we demonstrate a 
      requirement for the continuous expression of PAMPs for optimal anti-pathogen 
      immunity. Although co-inoculating with, temporary anchoring of and transgenic 
      expression of exogenous PAMPs all result in enhanced early adaptive immune 
      responses, only the continuous expression of bacterial PAMPs on transgenic T. 
      cruzi sustains these responses, resulting in enhanced pathogen clearance. These 
      findings demonstrate that PAMPs function to potentiate adaptive immune responses 
      well beyond their initiation and may determine the efficiency of control of 
      pathogens capable of long-term persistence.
FAU - Kurup, Samarchith P
AU  - Kurup SP
AD  - Department of Cellular Biology and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global 
      Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
FAU - Tarleton, Rick L
AU  - Tarleton RL
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AI022070/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AI089952/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - AI-089952/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - AI-22070/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PL  - England
TA  - Nat Commun
JT  - Nature communications
JID - 101528555
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Protozoan)
RN  - 0 (Porins)
RN  - 0 (porin protein, Neisseria)
RN  - 12777-81-0 (Flagellin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adaptive Immunity
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antigens, Bacterial/genetics/*immunology
MH  - Antigens, Protozoan/genetics/*immunology
MH  - Chagas Disease/*immunology/parasitology
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Female
MH  - Flagellin/genetics/immunology
MH  - Gene Expression/*immunology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Porins/genetics/immunology
MH  - Signal Transduction
MH  - Transfection
MH  - Trypanosoma cruzi/genetics/*immunology
PMC - PMC4161029
MID - NIHMS525197
COIS- Conflict of interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests.
EDAT- 2013/10/24 06:00
MHDA- 2014/05/03 06:00
PMCR- 2014/09/11
CRDT- 2013/10/24 06:00
PHST- 2013/06/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/09/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/10/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/10/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/05/03 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/09/11 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ncomms3616 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/ncomms3616 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nat Commun. 2013;4:2616. doi: 10.1038/ncomms3616.